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高考热点探析之定语从句eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。考点一、考查非限定性定语从句Wearegoingtoholdaschoolsportsmeeting,whichisheldtoenrichourschoollife.非限定性定语从句的关系词为：1.关系代词which，who，whom，whose2.关系副词whenwherewhy不能用that※as和which引导非限定性定语从句时，as和which都能指代整个句子，区别在于as引导定语从句可以在主句之前，之后或中间，可以翻译为“正如，正像”当从句的谓语动词是beannounced/expected/known/reported/said/imagined/shown等被动形式，常用as，※而which只能放在主句的后面，没有意思as典例精析1.(2017.全国Ⅱ卷）ButSarah,____hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty2.(2016.全国卷Ⅲ卷）SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,_____livedfromroughly551to479BC,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.3.(2016.全国Ⅰ卷）ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.whowhowhen考点二、考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句Mr.King，whoselegswerebadlyhurt，wastakentothehospital.Theyliveinaroomwhosewindowopenstothesouth指人，引导非限定性定语从句指物，引导限定性定语从句表示所属关系，译为“…的”典例精析1.(2015.四川卷）Thebookonthedesk，____coversareshiny,areprizesforus.2.(2014.山东卷）Acompany____profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.3.(2013.福建卷）Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_____liveswereaffected.whosewhosewhose考点三、考查“介词+关系代词（which/whom）”引导定语从句当先行词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成介词+关系代词（which/whom）的结构注意：近几年在考查这个类型的定语从句中，摒弃了往年考查介词的选择，而是仅考查对“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的识别，降低了难度CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?典例精析1.(2015.安徽卷）Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon____schooleducationdepends.2.(2014.重庆卷）Hewrotemanychildren’sbook,nearlyhalfof___werepublishedinthe19903.(2014.天津卷）Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，eachof____usesitdifferently4.(2013.辽宁卷）Hemaywinthecompetition,in___caseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam5.(2013.浙江卷）Thechildren,allof___hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.whichwhichwhichwhichwhom考点四、考查关系代词和关系副词的区别使用判断是用关系代词还是关系副词，首先要找出先行词，再次判断先行词在从句中所做的成分，关系代词要在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，关系副词要在定语从句中做状语。注意：如果先行词是时间，地点或原因，不能从意思上判断就一定选择whenwhere或why典例精析1.(2015.全国Ⅰ卷）I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver___arepicturedbyartistinsomanyChinesepaintings.2.(2015.湖南卷）Itistrulydelightfulplace，____looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages3.(2014.安徽卷）Theexactyear____AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008which/thatwhichwhich考点五、考查定语从句的分割现在TherearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesunDoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?典例精析1.(2014.北京卷）IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek，_____myclassmatesrecommendedtome.2.(2012.浙江卷）Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature，____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.whichwho定语从句中的五个易混点定语从句VS强调句型ItwasNov.11,2011whentheygotmarried.2.定语从句VS同位语从句Thefactthathetoldusisveryimportant.ItwasonNov.11,2011whentheygotmarried.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.3.定语从句VS并列句Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,andit/this/thatsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.4.Oneof…/the(only)oneof…HeisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexamHeisthe(only)oneoftheboyswhohaspassedtheexam5.Theway做先行词是，从句引导词的选择Theway（that/which/省略）heexplainedtouswasquitesimpleTheway（that/inwhich/省略）heexplainedtouswasquitesimple总结判断定语从句的关系词，要遵循八字口诀即一看（先行词）二析（从句成分）三思（特殊情况）四选（关系词）appletheredthegreenthesmallthebigTheapplewhichisredismine.Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.TheapplewhichisredissmallTheapplewhichisgreenisbig.Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat…关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是something,nothing,anything等不定代词时Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行词是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修饰时Isittheonethatyouwant?Ihaven’tgotmuchthatIcanofferyou.5.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用who,不用that1).先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.————关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。wher