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专业英语环境：environment环境工程：environmentalengineering环境保护：environmentalprotection环境意识：environmentalconsciousness/awareness环境问题：environmentalissue/problem环境效应：environmentaleffect环境污染：environmentalpollution环境要素：environmentalelements环境因子：environmentalfactors环境化学：environmentalchemistry环境生态学：environmentalecology环境质量：environmentalquality环境自净作用：environmentalself-purification/self-cleansing水环境：watershed水体：waterbody流域：watershed水质：waterquality水资源：waterresources供水：watersupply废水：wastewater水处理：watertreatment物理性水质指标：physicalindicateofwaterquality水污染物：waterpollutant生物性水质指标：biologicalwater-qualityindex水质标准：waterqualitystandard化学性水质指标：chemicalwater-qualityindexDS：dissolvedsolidsBOD：biochemicaloxygendemandTDS：totaldissolvedsolidsCOD：chemicaloxygendemandTSS：totalsuspendedsolidsDO：dissolvedoxygenTOC：totalorganiccarbonPH值：TN：总氮totalnitrogenTP：总磷phosphorusZn：zincCu：CopperAs：arsenicCd：CadmiumCr：chromiumNi：NickelHg：mercuryPb：plumbum物理处理：physicaltreatment过滤：screening生物处理：biologicaltreatment沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemicaltreatment气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemicaltreatment蒸发：evaporation稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobictreatment生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess厌氧处理：anaerobictreatment生物滤池：tricklingfilters活性污泥法：activatedsludgeprocess生物接触氧化：biologicalcontactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯StyreneButadieneRubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket活性污泥：activatedsludge改进型：modification一级处理：primarytreatment二级处理：secondarytreatment三级处理：tertiarytreatment高级氧化处理：advancedtreatment生活污水：domesticwastewater生产废水：industrialwastewater城市生活污水：municipalwastewater电镀废水：metalplatingplants印染废水：pulpandpaperindustrieswastewater浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness水质净化：waterqualitypurifies混凝沉淀：coagulateflocculatingagent活性炭吸附：activatedcarbonadsorption隔油池：oilseparationtank中和池：neutralizationtank调节池：adjustingtank生物反应池：biologicalreactor加药设备：physicalequipment沉淀池：sedimentationtank初沉池：primarysedimentationtank二沉池：secondarysedimentationtank絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulateflocculant生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation飘尘：floatingdust可吸入颗粒物：inhalableparticles能见度：visibility酸雨：acidrain一次污染物：primarypollutant二次污染物：secondarypollutant氮氧化物：nitrogenoxides硫氧化物：sulfuroxides硫化氢：hydrogensulfide碳氧化物：carbonoxides硝酸：nitricacid盐酸：hydrochloricacid硫酸：sulfuricacid二氧化硫：sulfurdioxide除尘工艺：Dustremoval吸收：absorption吸附：adsorption静电除尘：electricdustprecipitation重力除尘：gravitationalsettling臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photochemicalsmoke喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging土壤：soil热污染：temperaturechange/thermalpollution噪声：noise放射性：radioactivityEIA：environmentalimpactassessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computeraideddesign大气污染控制工程：airpollutioncontrol水污染控制工程：waterpollutioncontrol固体废物污染控制工程：solidwastemanagement污染源：pollutionsource同化作用：assimilation固体废物：solidwastes危险废物：hazardouswastes化学污泥chemicalsludge：生物污泥：biologicalsludge工业固废：industrialwastes分选处理：separationtreatment矿业固废：minesolidwastes破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculturesolidwastes压实处理：reductioninvolume污泥脱水：disposalofthesludge？污泥浓缩：sludgethickening带式压滤：Beltfilterpress离心脱水：centrifugaldewatering筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compostandcomposting沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysisandincineration生物转化作用：biotransformation热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidificationandstabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollutioncontrol无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solidwasteintegratedcontrol固体废物污染控制：solidwasterpollutioncontrol固体废物处理：processingandrecovery处置：disposal物质回收：materialsrecovery物质转化：materialconversion能量回收：energyrecovery能量转化：energyconversion1.Environmentalengineeringhasbeendefinedasthebranchofengineeringthatisconcernedwithprotectingtheenvironmentfromthepotential,deleteriouseffectsofhumanactivity,protectinghumanpopulationsfromtheeffectsofadverseenvironmentalfactors,andimprovingenvironmentalqualityforhumanhealthandwell-being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括①保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响②保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响③持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。2.Anunderstandingofthenatureoftheenvironmentandofhumaninteractionwithitisanecessaryprerequisitetounderstandingtheworkoftheenvironmentalengineering.（2页）了解环境性质以及环境与人类相互作用是了解环境工程师的先决条件。3.Engineersmustappreciatethefundamentalprinciplesofecology,anddesignwiththeenvironment，soasnottoimpactadverselyonespeciallyfragileecosystem。Forexample，oneofthemostfragileofallecosystemisthedeepoceans，yetoceandisposalofhazardouswasteisseriouslyadvocatedbysomeengineers。Theinclusionofecologicalprinciplesinengineeringdecisionsisamajorcomponentoftheenvironmentalengineeringprofession。（6页）环境工程师必须深入了解、重视生态学的基本原理，并应用生态学原理来规划环境，以免影响较脆弱的生态环境。例如：深海是所有生态系统中最脆弱的环境之一，但却有些工程师极力主张危险废物深海处置。因此充分考虑生态学基本原理是是环境工程职业在工程决策上的一个重要组成部分。4.Inanaturalstate,earth’slifeformsliveinequilibriumwiththeirenvironment.Thenumbersandactivitiesofeachspeciesaregovernedbytheresourcesavailabletothem。（11页）在自然环境状态下，地球上生物与其生存环境之间处于一种相互适应、相互协调的动态平衡关系5.Aspollutantsenterair，water，orsoil，naturalprocessessuchasdilution，biologicalconversions，andchemicalreactionsconvertwastematerialtomoreacceptableformsanddispersethemthroughalargevolume。（17页）6.Theenvironmentalengineer’suniqueroleistobuildabridgebetweenbiologyandtechnologybyapplyingallthetechniquesmadeavailablebymodernengineeringtechnologytothejobofcleaningupthedebrisleftinthewakeofanindiscriminateuseofthattechnol