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北华大学毕业设计（论文）1摘要随着经济和科学技术的快速发展，人们对生活质量的提高和生活环境的改善越来越重视。天然气作为一种清洁型能源进入家庭得到广泛使用，为人们的生活带来了方便，减少了城市的污染，提高了生活质量和效率，但是同时，天然气也是潜在的“危险品”，天然气在使用过程中，若管道和阀门密封不好，一旦泄漏出去极易爆炸，危及人们的生命财产安全。面对燃气泄漏而造成的种种事故威胁，我们需要一个解决办法。然而使用天燃气检测系统成为了一个重要的研究课题。本毕业设计的题目是基于单片机的天然气泄漏检测系统设计。本设计主要是由一个MQ-4传感器采集气体浓度信号，系统建立浓度与电压关系，进行浓度电压转换，浓度显示，声光报警构成的报警装置。本系统由ADC0832处理数据，MCU采用STC89C52，完成气体浓度信号的采集显示内容的传输、显示等功能。本设计的可燃气体报警器由六个部分组成：传感器、数码管显示器、声光报警器、控制电路、A/D转换和电源模块。软件上采用C语言编程，结构简单运行稳定。该检测系统能够检测天然气浓度，当检测天然气浓度低于设定报警阈值的时候，数码管显示器仅仅显示测得的可燃气体浓度；当检测天然气浓度超出设定报警阈值时给出声光报警，并伴有语音提醒。关键词：MQ-4传感器；ADCO832；STC89C52；数码管；声光报警北华大学毕业设计（论文）2AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomyandthesciencetechnology,peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontothequalityoflifeandtheimprovementoflivingenvironment.Naturalgasarewidelyusedinourdailylifeandbringsconvenienceforpeople'slivesasacleanerfuel,reducethecity'spollutionandimprovethelifequalityandefficiency.butatthesametime,naturalgasisalsopotentialdangerous,Ifnotsealedpipesandvalves,theyleaked,easilycausedbyfire,endangeringpeople'slivesandproperty.Facingthegasleakallkindsofaccidentscausedbythreats,weneedasolution.Anditisobviouslyveryimportanttostudyontheinspectionmethodsandsensorsofallkindsofgases.Thisgraduationdesignisagasleakdetectionalarmsystembasedonsinglechipmicrocomputer.ThisdesignmainlybyanMQ-4gasconcentrationsensoracquisitionsignals,Concentrationandvoltagerelationssystem,Toconverttheconcentrationofvoltage,concentrationofvoltageconversion,concentration,accordingtothesoundandlightalarmalarmdevice.ThissystembyADC0832processingdata,useSTC89C52MCU,completethegasconcentrationsignalcollectionanddisplaycontenttransmission,display,andotherfunctions.Thedesignofthecombustiblegasalarmiscomposedofsixparts:sensor,digitaltube,soundandlightalarm,controlcircuit,A/Dconversionandpowermodule.ThesoftwaresystemisbasedontheClanguageprogramming,whosestructureissimpleandrunningstable.Thisdetectionalarmsystemcandetectthedensityofgas,Whendetectinggasconcentrationislowerthanthesetalarmthreshold,digitaltubedisplayshowonlymeasuredconcentrationofcombustiblegas;Whendetectinggasconcentrationexceedsthealarmthresholdacousto-opticalarm.Keywords：MQ-4；ADC0832；STC89C52；Digitaltube；Soundandlightalarm北华大学毕业设计（论文）1目录摘要.........................................................................................................................1Abstract..........................................................................................................................2绪论.........................................................................................................................11基于单片机的天然气泄漏检测系统概述................................................................21.1天然气泄漏检测报警器的概述.....................................................................21.2家用天然气泄漏检测报警器现状.................................................................21.3家庭燃气泄漏报警的发展趋势.....................................................................21.4天然气泄漏检测报警设计意义.....................................................................32天然气泄露检测报警系统的方案设计....................................................................42.1天然气泄漏检测报警系统简介.....................................................................42.2气体传感器的选型.........................................................................................42.3天然气泄露报警系统的整体设计方案........................................................52.3.1天然气泄漏报警器工作原理..............................................................52.3.2天然气泄漏报警器的结构..................................................................52.3.3报警器各模块的功能..........................................................................63天然气泄露报警的硬件部分设计............................................................................73.1主控电路设计.................................................................................................73.1.1STC89C52单片机简介........................................................................73.1.2STC89C52单片机的基本结构...........................................................73.1.3STC89C52RC单片机的引脚..............................................................83.2电源电路设计...............................................................................................103.3可燃气体信号采集部分...............................................................................113.4MQ-4气体传感器........................................................................................113.5A/D转换部分...............................................................................................133.5.1A/D转换电路....................................................................................133.6气体结果测量计算......................................................................................153.7声光报警部分..............................................................................................153.8计数器译码显示电路..................................................................................163.8.1LED的综述......................................................................................16北华大学毕业设计（论文）23.8.2LED的结构.................................