美赛论文模板(强烈推荐)

TitileSummaryDuringcelldivision,mitoticspindlesareassembledbymicrotubule-basedmotorproteins1,2.Thebipolarorganizationofspindlesisessentialforpropersegregationofchromosomes,andrequiresplus-end-directedhomotetramericmotorproteinsofthewidelyconservedkinesin-5(BimC)family3.Hypothesesforbipolarspindleformationincludethe'push−pullmitoticmuscle'model,inwhichkinesin-5andopposingmotorproteinsactbetweenoverlappingmicrotubules2,4,5.However,thepreciserolesofkinesin-5duringthisprocessareunknown.Hereweshowthatthevertebratekinesin-5Eg5drivestheslidingofmicrotubulesdependingontheirrelativeorientation.WefoundincontrolledinvitroassaysthatEg5hastheremarkablecapabilityofsimultaneouslymovingat20nms-1towardstheplus-endsofeachofthetwomicrotubulesitcrosslinks.Foranti-parallelmicrotubules,thisresultsinrelativeslidingat40nms-1,comparabletospindlepoleseparationratesinvivo6.Furthermore,wefoundthatEg5cantethermicrotubuleplus-ends,suggestinganadditionalmicrotubule-bindingmodeforEg5.Ourresultsdemonstratehowmembersofthekinesin-5familyarelikelytofunctioninmitosis,pushingapartinterpolarmicrotubulesaswellasrecruitingmicrotubulesintobundlesthataresubsequentlypolarizedbyrelativesliding.Weanticipateourassaytobeastartingpointformoresophisticatedinvitromodelsofmitoticspindles.Forexample,theindividualandcombinedactionofmultiplemitoticmotorscouldbetested,includingminus-end-directedmotorsopposingEg5motility.Furthermore,Eg5inhibitionisamajortargetofanti-cancerdrugdevelopment,andawell-definedandquantitativeassayformotorfunctionwillberelevantforsuchdevelopmentsTeam#9530Page2of6ContentTitile..............................................................................................................................1Summary.......................................................................................................................11Introduction..........................................................................................................11.1RestatementoftheProblem......................................................................11.2Background...............................................................................................11.1.1CommonSolvingTechnique..............................................................11.1.2PreviousWorks..................................................................................11.3Example....................................................................................................12AnalysisoftheProblem.......................................................................................12.1OutlineoftheApproach............................................................................12.2BasicAssumptions....................................................................................22.3DefinitionsandKeyTerms.......................................................................23CalculatingandSimplifyingtheModel.............................................................24TheModelResults................................................................................................35ValidatingtheModel............................................................................................36StrengthsandWeaknesses...................................................................................36.1Strengths...................................................................................................36.2Weaknesses...............................................................................................37FoodforThought.................................................................................................38Conclusion............................................................................................................3References.....................................................................................................................4Appendices....................................................................................................................4AppendixASourceCode....................................................................................4AppendixB............................................................................................................4Team#9530Page1of61Introduction1.1RestatementoftheProblem…1.2Background…1.1.1CommonSolvingTechnique…1.1.2PreviousWorks…1.3Example…2AnalysisoftheProblem…2.1OutlineoftheApproach…Team#9530Page2of62.2BasicAssumptions2.3DefinitionsandKeyTermsTable1.…SymbolMeaningUnit3CalculatingandSimplifyingtheModel…Team#9530Page3of64TheModelResults……5ValidatingtheModel…6StrengthsandWeaknesses6.1Strengths6.2Weaknesses7FoodforThought…8Conclusion….Team#9530Page4of6References…AppendicesAppendixASourceCodeHerearethesimulationprogrammesweusedinourmodelasfollow.Inputmatlabsource:……….AppendixB…….InputC++source：…………..…………..