The-Way-to-Rainy-Mountain

TheWaytoRainyMountain----N.ScottMomadayBy510BriefIntroductionTheWaytoRainyMountain(1969)isabookbyPulitzerPrizewinningauthorN.ScottMomaday.ItisaboutthejourneyofMomaday‘sKiowaancestorsfromtheirancientbeginningsintheMontanaareatotheirfinalwarandsurrendertotheUnitedStatesCavalryatFortSill,andsubsequentresettlementnearRainyMountain,Oklahoma.AbouttheAuthorN.ScottMomadayOneoftheforemostNativeAmericanwriters,Momadaywasbornin1934inlawton,Oklahoma,KiowacountyinsouthwesternOklahoma.Hisfather,apainter,wasaKiowas,buthismother,awriter,wasone-eighthCherokeeandseven-eighthsEuro-Americanblends.YoungScottspenthischildhoodinseveraldifferentsouthwesterncommunitieswherehewasinclosecontactwithNativeAmericanaswellasHispanicandAnglochildren.MomadayhaswonanAcademyofAmericanPoetsPrizeandhastaughtatBerkeley,Stanford,and,mostrecently,theUniversityofArizona.Inadditiontohisteachingandwriting,MomadayisalsoadistinguishedpainterwhoexplorestraditionalIndianmotifsoncanvas.WORKSMomaday的自传体作品《TheJourneyofTai-me》（1967），《TheWaytoRainyMountain》（1969），《TheName：AMemoir》（1976），都是根据Kiowas故事、传说、神话和纪念品画建立家庭和部落的历史记录。他的两本小说，《HouseMadeofDawn》（1968）《TheAncientChild》（1989），探讨了美国印第安人遭受的边缘化的问题，以及他们通过与部落的遗产重新连接调解其内部的斗争的意图。《HouseMadeofDawn》为美洲印第安人开创了新的叙事风格，迅速提升他在美国文坛的一个突出的位置，并为他赢得了1969年普利策小说奖。Momaday的诗歌反应了他对印第安文化的兴趣。在他的诗歌中，最显著的成就是《IntheBear’sHouse》,表现出了他对熊的形象的深深迷恋（科奥瓦人把熊看作是他们的祖先）。Momaday将科奥瓦和基督教结合，使过去和现在融合，创造了两个看似不同文化的卓越的结合体。TheKiowasNorthAmericanIndianswhosehistoryisreconstitutedbyMomadayinthistext.Inthe17thcenturytheyinhabitedwestMontana,butbyabout1700theyhadmovedtoanareasoutheastoftheYellowstoneRiver.HeretheycameintocontactwiththeCrowIndianswhogavethempermissiontosettleintotheBlackHills.Whilelivingthere,theyacquiredhorses.ThentheywerechasedoutbytheDskotaandtheCheyennetribesfromthatarea.ThemigrationoftheKiowascontinuedintotheWichitaMountains.TheretheKiowashadtheirfirstcontactwiththeComanches.Thetwotribeswereatwaruntilthecloseofthe18thcentury.Finallytheycametogetherandformedanalliance.TogethertheyoftenraidedMexicansettlements.DuringthistimetheKiowasbecameverywealthywithaneasyaccesstobuffalo.However,thissecuritywasshort-livedduetothearrivalofwhitesettlersintothisarea.TheU.S.troopsforcedtheKiowasintoareservationin1868.TheKiowasbrokeoutofthereservationin1874andresumedactivewarfarewiththewhitesettlers,Consequently,manyoftheirchiefsandwarriorswerecaughtanddeported.NowalargenumberoftheKiowasremaininOklahoma.Tai--meThesacredSunDancedollBuffaloTheformalnameoftheanimalisNorthernAmericanbison.ThebuffalowasthePlainsIndians’stuffoflife,supplyingthemwithfood,clothing,shelter,andfule.TheKiowaswereoncewealthywhentheyhadanabundanceofbuffalo.TheopeningoftheWestbyrailroadsbroughtasmallarmyofprofessionalhunterswhosystematicallyslaughteredthegreatherdsfortheirhidestobesoldatmarkets.By1878,thesouthernherdsweregone,andfiveyearslaterthoseinthenorthhadbeennearlyexterminated.Devil’sTower魔鬼塔的传说七名姊妹和她们的一个兄弟在玩耍时，男孩突然变成熊，并追赶他的姊妹，七名女孩爬上岩石，岩石开始长高，熊在地上奋力抓着，把岩石刮出一道道爪痕，女孩在岩石顶上，后来成为星星，也就是著名的北斗七星。Thankyou!