因式分解练习题一、填空题:2.(a-3)(3-2a)=_______(3-a)(3-2a);12.若m²-3m+2=(m+a)(m+b),则a=______,b=______;15.当m=______时,x²+2(m-3)x+25是完全平方式.二、选择题:1.下列各式的因式分解结果中,正确的是()A.a²b+7ab-b=b(a²+7a)B.3x²y-3xy-6y=3y(x-2)(x+1)C.8xyz-6x²y²=2xyz(4-3xy)D.-2a²+4ab-6ac=-2a(a+2b-3c)2.多项式m(n-2)-m²(2-n)分解因式等于()A.(n-2)(m+m²)B.(n-2)(m-m²)C.m(n-2)(m+1)D.m(n-2)(m-1)3.在下列等式中,属于因式分解的是()A.a(x-y)+b(m+n)=ax+bm-ay+bnB.a²-2ab+b²+1=(a-b)²+1C.-4a²+9b²=(-2a+3b)(2a+3b)D.x²-7x-8=x(x-7)-84.下列各式中,能用平方差公式分解因式的是()A.a²+b²B.-a²+b²C.-a²-b²D.-(-a²)+b²5.若9x²+mxy+16y²是一个完全平方式,那么m的值是()A.-12B.±24C.12D.±126.把多项式14nnaa分解得()A.)(4aaanB.)1(31aanC.1na(a-1)(a²-a+1)D.1na(a-1)(a²+a+1)7.若a²+a=-1,则342aa-3a²-4a+3的值为()A.8B.7C.10D.128.已知x²+y²+2x-6y+10=0,那么x,y的值分别为()A.x=1,y=3B.x=1,y=-3C.x=-1,y=3D.x=1,y=-39.把(m²+3m)4-8(m²+3m)²+16分解因式得()A.(m+1)4(m+2)²B.(m-1)²(m-2)²(m²+3m-2)C.(m+4)²(m-1)²D.(m+1)²(m+2)²(m²+3m-2)²10.把x²-7x-60分解因式,得()A.(x-10)(x+6)B.(x+5)(x-12)C.(x+3)(x-20)D.(x-5)(x+12)11.把3x²-2xy-8y²分解因式,得()A.(3x+4)(x-2)B.(3x-4)(x+2)C.(3x+4y)(x-2y)D.(3x-4y)(x+2y)12.把a²+8ab-33b²分解因式,得()A.(a+11)(a-3)B.(a-11b)(a-3b)C.(a+11b)(a-3b)D.(a-11b)(a+3b)13.把4x-3x²+2分解因式,得()A.(x²-2)(x²-1)B.(x²-2)(x+1)(x-1)C.(x²+2)(x²+1)D.(x²+2)(x+1)(x-1)14.多项式x²-ax-bx+ab可分解因式为()A.-(x+a)(x+b)B.(x-a)(x+b)C.(x-a)(x-b)D.(x+a)(x+b)15.一个关于x的二次三项式,其x²项的系数是1,常数项是-12,且能分解因式,这样的二次三项式是()A.x²-11x-12或x²+11x-12B.x²-x-12或x²+x-12C.x²-4x-12或x²+4x-12D.以上都可以16.下列各式x³-x²-x+1,x²+y-xy-x,x²-2x-y2+1,(x²+3x)²-(2x+1)²中,不含有(x-1)因式的有()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个17.把9-x²+12xy-36y²分解因式为()A.(x-6y+3)(x-6x-3)B.-(x-6y+3)(x-6y-3)C.-(x-6y+3)(x+6y-3)D.-(x-6y+3)(x-6y+3)18.下列因式分解错误的是()A.a²-bc+ac-ab=(a-b)(a+c)B.ab-5a+3b-15=(b-5)(a+3)C.x²+3xy-2x-6y=(x+3y)(x-2)D.x²-6xy-1+9y²=(x+3y+1)(x+3y-1)19.已知a²x²±2x+b²是完全平方式,且a,b都不为零,则a与b的关系为()A.互为倒数或互为负倒数B.互为相反数C.相等的数D.任意有理数20.对4x+4进行因式分解,所得的正确结论是()A.不能分解因式B.有因式x²+2x+2C.(xy+2)(xy-8)D.(xy-2)(xy-8)21.把4a+2a²b²+4b-a²b²分解因式为()A.(a²+b²+ab)²B.(a²+b²+ab)(a²+b²-ab)C.(a²-b²+ab)(a²-b²-ab)D.(a²+b²-ab)²22.-(3x-1)(x+2y)是下列哪个多项式的分解结果()A.3x²+6xy-x-2yB.3x²-6xy+x-2yC.x+2y+3x²+6xyD.x+2y-3x²-6xy23.648a-b²因式分解为()A.(644a-b)(4a+b)B.(16a²-b)(4a²+b)C.(84a-b)(84a+b)D.(8a²-b)(84a+b)24.9(x-y)²+12(x²-y²)+4(x+y)²因式分解为()A.(5x-y)²B.(5x+y)²C.(3x-2y)(3x+2y)D.(5x-2y)²25.(2y-3x)²-2(3x-2y)+1因式分解为()A.(3x-2y-1)²B.(3x+2y+1)²C.(3x-2y+1)²D.(2y-3x-1)²26.把(a+b)²-4(a²-b²)+4(a-b)²分解因式为()A.(3a-b)²B.(3b+a)²C.(3b-a)²D.(3a+b)²27.把a²(b+c)²-2ab(a-c)(b+c)+b²(a-c)²分解因式为()A.c(a+b)²B.c(a-b)²C.c²(a+b)²D.c²(a-b)28.若4xy-4x²-y²-k有一个因式为(1-2x+y),则k的值为()A.0B.1C.-1D.429.分解因式3a²x-4b²y-3b²x+4a²y,正确的是()A.-(a²+b²)(3x+4y)B.(a-b)(a+b)(3x+4y)C.(a²+b²)(3x-4y)D.(a-b)(a+b)(3x-4y)30.分解因式2a²+4ab+2b²-8c²,正确的是()A.2(a+b-2c)B.2(a+b+c)(a+b-c)C.(2a+b+4c)(2a+b-4c)D.2(a+b+2c)(a+b-2c)三、因式分解:1.m²(p-q)-p+q;2.a(ab+bc+ac)-abc;3.4x-24y-2x³y+xy³;4.abc(a²+b²+c²)-a³bc+2ab²c²;5.a²(b-c)+b²(c-a)+c²(a-b);6.(x²-2x)²+2x(x-2)+1;7.(x-y)²+12(y-x)z+36z²;8.x²-4ax+8ab-4b²;9.(ax+by)²+(ay-bx)²+2(ax+by)(ay-bx);10.(1-a²)(1-b²)-(a²-1)²(b²-1)²;11.(x+1)²-9(x-1)²;12.4a²b²-(a²+b²-c²)²;13.ab²-ac²+4ac-4a;14.x³n+y³n;15.(x+y)³+125;16.(3m-2n)³+(3m+2n)³;17.6x(x²-y²)+6y(y²-x²);18.8(x+y)³+1;19.(a+b+c)³-a³-b³-c³;20.x²+4xy+3y²;21.x²+18x-144;22.4x+2x²-8;23.4m+18m²-17;24.5x-2x³-8x;25.8x+195x-216x²;26.(x²-7x)²+10(x²-7x)-24;27.5+7(a+1)-6(a+1)²;28.(x²+x)(x²+x-1)-2;29.x²+y²-x²y²-4xy-1;30.(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)-48;31.x²-y²-x-y;32.ax²-bx²-bx+ax-3a+3b;33.4m+m²+1;34.a²-b²+2ac+c²;35.a³-ab²+a-b;36.6254b-4)(ba;37.66yx+423yx-243yx;38.x²+4xy+4y²-2x-4y-35;39.m²-a²+4ab-4b²;40.5m-5n-m²+2mn-n².四、证明(求值):1.已知a+b=0,求a³-2b³+a²b-2ab²的值.2.求证:四个连续自然数的积再加上1,一定是一个完全平方数.3.证明:(ac-bd)²+(bc+ad)²=(a²+b²)(c²+d²).4.已知a=k+3,b=2k+2,c=3k-1,求a²+b²+c²+2ab-2bc-2ac的值.5.若x²+mx+n=(x-3)(x+4),求(m+n)²的值.6.当a为何值时,多项式x²+7xy+ay²-5x+43y-24可以分解为两个一次因式的乘积.7.若x,y为任意有理数,比较6xy与x²+9y²的大小.参考答案:一、填空题:7.9,(3a-1)10.x-5y,x-5y,x-5y,2a-b11.+5,-212.-1,-2(或-2,-1)14.bc+ac,a+b,a-c15.8或-2二、选择题:1.B2.C3.C4.B5.B6.D7.A8.C9.D10.B11.C12.C13.B14.C15.D16.B17.B18.D19.A20.B21.B22.D23.C24.A25.A26.C27.C28.C29.D30.D三、因式分解:1.(p-q)(m-1)(m+1).8.(x-2b)(x-4a+2b).11.4(2x-1)(2-x).20.(x+3y)(x+y).21.(x-6)(x+24).27.(3+2a)(2-3a).31.(x+y)(x-y-1).38.(x+2y-7)(x+2y+5).四、证明(求值):2.提示:设四个连续自然数为n,n+1,n+2,n+36.提示:a=-18.∴a=-18.