第五章--化学平衡习题

为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)第五章化学平衡选择题1.对于化学平衡,以下说法中不正确的是(A)化学平衡态就是化学反应的限度(B)化学平衡时系统的热力学性质不随时间变化(C)化学平衡时各物质的化学势相等(D)任何化学反应都有化学平衡态答案：C。正确的说法应为0BBB2.下面的叙述中违背平衡移动原理的是(A)升高温度平衡向吸热方向移动(B)增加压力平衡向体积缩小的方向移动(C)加入惰性气体平衡向总压力减少的方向移动(D)降低压力平衡向增加分子数的方向移动答案：C。加入惰性气体平衡向总压力增大的方向移动3．要使一个化学反应系统在发生反应后焓值不变,必须满足的条件是(A)温度和内能都不变(B)内能和体积都不变(C)孤立系统(D)内能,压力与体积的乘积都不变答案：D。因ΔH＝ΔU＋Δ（pV）4.在等温等压下，当反应的rGm=5kJ·mol-1时，该反应能否进行?(A)能正向自发进行(B)能逆向自发进行(C)不能判断(D)不能进行答案：C。应该用rGm判断而不是rGm。5.已知反应2NH3=N2+3H2，在等温条件下，标准平衡常数为0.25，那么，在此条件下，氨的合成反应1/2N2+3/2H2=NH3的标准平衡常数为：(A)4(B)0.5(C)2(D)1答案：C。6.反应2C(s)+O2(g)2CO(g)，其rGm/(J·mol-1)=--167.7T/K，若温度升高，则：(A)rGm变负，反应更完全(B)Kp变大，反应更完全(C)Kp变小，反应更不完全（D）无法判断答案：C7.对于气相反应，当体系总压力p变化时(A)对Kf无影响(B)对Kr无影响(C)对Kp无影响(D)对Kf、Kr、Kp均无影响答案：A。理想气体的Kp不受压力的影响而真实气体的Kp将随压力而变。8.理想气体反应CO(g)+2H2(g)=CH3OH(g)的rGm与温度T的关系为：rGm=－21660+52.92T，若要使反应的平衡常数Kp1，则应控制的反应温度：(A)必须低于409.3℃(B)必须高于409.3K(C)必须低于409.3K(D)必须等于409.3K为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)答案：C9.某化学反应在298K时的标准吉布斯自由能变化为负值，则该温度时反应的Kp将是：(A)Kp=0(B)Kp0(C)Kp1(D)0Kp1答案：C。根据lnrmpGRTK$$。10.25℃时水的饱和蒸气压为3.168kPa,此时液态水的标准生成吉布斯自由能fGm为－237.19kJ·mol－1，则水蒸气的标准生成吉布斯自由能为：(A)－245.76kJ·mol－1(B)－229.34kJ·mol－1(C)－245.04kJ·mol－1(D)－228.60kJ·mol－1答案：D。可以设计使25℃的液态水变为3.168kPa的水蒸气，此为恒温恒压可逆相变ΔG＝0，再改变压力由3.168kPa变为100kPa，此步的100ln3.168GRT,再加上液态水的标准生成吉布斯自由能fGm即可。11.在一定温度和压力下，对于一个化学反应，能用以判断其反应方向的是：(A)rGm(B)Kp(C)rGm(D)rHm答案：C。12.某温度时，NH4Cl(s)分解压力是p,则分解反应的平衡常数Kp为：(A)1(B)1/2(C)1/4(D)1/8答案：C。某温度不，固体分解为气体产物的平衡总压称为该固体的分解压力。此题中的分解压力为p，可见分解产物NH3与HCl的分压均为(1/2)p13.在1100℃时，发生下列反应：(1)C(s)+2S(s)=CS2(g)K1=0.258(2)Cu2S(s)+H2(g)=2Cu(s)+H2S(g)K2=3.910-