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宾语从句theobjectclause宾语从句命题趋势（中考）•引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择•宾语从句的语序•宾语从句的时态问题一:什么是宾语?宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置于及物动词或介词后。•Iloveyou.•Iamfondofreadingbooksinthesun.•Heboughtmeapen.•HowishegettingalongwithhisEnglishteacher?•Wekeepitasecret.•Iwillarrangemyholidayasfollows.问题二:什么是宾语从句?在复合句中作宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句，放在及物动词,介词后面。作及物动词的宾语•Ithink(that)yourclothesfitwell.•Hecouldn’ttellmewherehishomewas.作介词的宾语•Healwayspaysattentiontowhatevertheteachersays.•Hetalkedofhowhehelpedtheoldman.宾语从句的三要素：•连接词•陈述句语序•时态呼应引导词•关系代词：what,which,who,whose,whom•关系副词：when时间,where地点,why原因,how方式•If/whether从属连词•that从属连词宾语从句的连接词•当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导•Shewasagoodgirl,theteachertoldus.•=Theteachertoldusthatshewasagoodgirl.•当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，构成宾语从句用whether/if(是否）连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。（在引导否定概念的宾语从句时只能用if)Eg.HeaskedmeifIhadn’tfinishedmywork.•AreyoufromJapan?heaskedme.•Heaskedmeif/whetherI`mfromJapan.•当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词，但从句一定要注意用陈述语序。•WhendidheleaveforJapan?couldyoutellme?•=couldyoutellmewhenheleftforJapan?语序•宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律要用陈述语序，即主语，谓语的顺序•DoyouknowwhatKate`se-mailaddressis?•Heaskedmewhosebookthisis.•Thedoctoraskedmewhatwaswrong.时态呼应•主句与从句时态一致•若主句是现在的某种状态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，）那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。•Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.•HehastoldmethathewillleaveforNewYorktomorrow.•若主句是过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，）那么从句一定要用过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）•Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.•HeaskedmeifIhadtakenhissoap.注意•若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去式，从句也用一般现在是。•Hetoldmethattheearthgoesroundthesun.(真理）•HesaidthatYaoMingismuchtallerthanhim.（事实）否定转移•在主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，例如Idon`tthinkhewillcomewithyou.•Idon`tbelieveyouareright.若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移•Ihopeitdoesn’train.我希望不要下雨。•Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.我希望你别介意我说这些话。Idon’trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)It’snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)按英语习惯，anyone只能出现在否定词之后，不能出现在否定词之前。•Don’ttellanyone,willyou?你可不要告诉任何人哟。•Idon’tknowanyoneatthisparty.这晚会上我一个人也不认识。•Idon’twanttowasteanyone’stime.我不想浪费任何人的时间。比较下面的正误句：谁也不知道将来会发生什么事。•Anyonedoesn’tknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture.•Nooneknowswhatwillhappeninthefuture.有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。如：Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。(否定状语)HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。(否定because状语)[‘æristɔtl]Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman’syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。(否定状语manyweeks)宾语从句的简化的六种方法方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。•LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.•Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。•Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.注：当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。•CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。•Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。•Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.•Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowtheTimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。•Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemedtowin.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.Idon’trememberthatIhaveEverseensuchaman.Idon’trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人宾语从句的连接词：类别关联词特点１.从属连词that,whether/if只起连接作用，不充当从句成分。２.连接代词who,whom,what，which,whose起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语或定语３.连接副词when,where,how，why起连接作用外，还在从句中充当状语。引导词引导词的作用例句That本身无意义，起连接作用，可省略Hesaid(that)katewasgoodatswimming.What,which,who,whose,whom在从句中做一定的成分，如主语，宾语，定语等Idon`tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.When,where,why,how在从句中作状语Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?If/whether是否，不做句子成分，但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissWeiisateacher.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:that无实际意义，不作句子成分，可以省略。1.他对我们说他不舒服。2.我知道他已经回来了。Hetoldusthathefeltill.Iknowhehasreturned.有时宾语从句可以用引词it作形式宾语。HemadeitclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.Ifindithardthatwecanfinishtheworkontime.他明确地说他宁愿学英语。我发现我们能按时完成这项工作很难。由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句1.Iwonder______________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）3.Iwonder_____itdoesn’train.(whether/if)if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhetheritisgoingtorainornot注意：1.whether…ornot是固定结构；2.宾语从句是否定句，只能用if。if1.Couldyoutellmewegettotheplace?A．howB．whetherC．whereD．what2.Theteachersaysshewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.A．ifB．whoC．thatD．what3.Iamnotsure____hewillcometomorrow.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.who