联合国海洋法公约英文版

UnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSeaof10December1982PREAMBLETheStatesPartiestothisConvention,Promptedbythedesiretosettle,inaspiritofmutualunderstandingandcooperation,allissuesrelatingtothelawoftheseaandawareofthehistoricsignificanceofthisConventionasanimportantcontributiontothemaintenanceofpeace,justiceandprogressforallpeoplesoftheworld,NotingthatdevelopmentssincetheUnitedNationsConferencesontheLawoftheSeaheldatGenevain1958and1960haveaccentuatedtheneedforanewandgenerallyacceptableConventiononthelawofthesea,Consciousthattheproblemsofoceanspacearecloselyinterrelatedandneedtobeconsideredasawhole,RecognizingthedesirabilityofestablishingthroughthisConvention,withdueregardforthesovereigntyofallStates,alegalorderfortheseasandoceanswhichwillfacilitateinternationalcommunication,andwillpromotethepeacefulusesoftheseasandoceans,theequitableandefficientutilizationoftheirresources,theconservationoftheirlivingresources,andthestudy,protectionandpreservationofthemarineenvironment,Bearinginmindthattheachievementofthesegoalswillcontributetotherealizationofajustandequitableinternationaleconomicorderwhichtakesintoaccounttheinterestsandneedsofmankindasawholeand,inparticular,thespecialinterestsandneedsofdevelopingcountries,whethercoastalorland-locked,DesiringbythisConventiontodeveloptheprinciplesembodiedinresolution2749(XXV)of17December1970inwhichtheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationssolemnlydeclaredinteraliathattheareaoftheseabedandoceanfloorandthesubsoilthereof,beyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction,aswellasitsresources,arethecommonheritageofmankind,theexplorationandexploitationofwhichshallbecarriedoutforthebenefitofmankindasawhole,irrespectiveofthegeographicallocationofStates,BelievingthatthecodificationandprogressivedevelopmentofthelawoftheseaachievedinthisConventionwillcontributetothestrengtheningofpeace,security,cooperationandfriendlyrelationsamongallnationsinconformitywiththeprinciplesofjusticeandequalrightsandwillpromotetheeconomicandsocialadvancementofallpeoplesoftheworld,inaccordancewiththePurposesandPrinciplesoftheUnitedNationsassetforthintheCharter,AffirmingthatmattersnotregulatedbythisConventioncontinuetobegovernedbytherulesandprinciplesofgeneralinternationallaw,Haveagreedasfollows:PARTIINTRODUCTIONArticle1Useoftermsandscope1.ForthepurposesofthisConvention:(1)Areameanstheseabedandoceanfloorandsubsoilthereof,beyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction;(2)AuthoritymeanstheInternationalSeabedAuthority;(3)activitiesintheAreameansallactivitiesofexplorationfor,andexploitationof,theresourcesoftheArea;(4)pollutionofthemarineenvironmentmeanstheintroductionbyman,directlyorindirectly,ofsubstancesorenergyintothemarineenvironment,includingestuaries,whichresultsorislikelytoresultinsuchdeleteriouseffectsasharmtolivingresourcesandmarinelife,hazardstohumanhealth,hindrancetomarineactivities,includingfishingandotherlegitimateusesofthesea,impairmentofqualityforuseofseawaterandreductionofamenities;(5)(a)dumpingmeans:(i)anydeliberatedisposalofwastesorothermatterfromvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea;(ii)anydeliberatedisposalofvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea;(b)dumpingdoesnotinclude:(i)thedisposalofwastesorothermatterincidentalto,orderivedfromthenormaloperationsofvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatseaandtheirequipment,otherthanwastesorothermattertransportedbyortovessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea,operatingforthepurposeofdisposalofsuchmatterorderivedfromthetreatmentofsuchwastesorothermatteronsuchvessels,aircraft,platformsorstructures;(ii)placementofmatterforapurposeotherthanthemeredisposalthereof,providedthatsuchplacementisnotcontrarytotheaimsofthisConvention.2.(1)StatesPartiesmeansStateswhichhaveconsentedtobeboundbythisConventionandforwhichthisConventionisinforce.(2)ThisConventionappliesmutatismutandistotheentitiesreferredtoinarticle305,paragraphl(b),(c),(d),(e)and(f),whichbecomePartiestothisConventioninaccordancewiththeconditionsrelevanttoeach,andtothatextentStatesPartiesreferstothoseentities.PARTIITERRITORIALSEAANDCONTIGUOUSZONESECTION1.GENERALPROVISIONSArticle2Legalstatusoftheterritorialsea,oftheairspaceovertheterritorialseaandofitsbedandsubsoil1.ThesovereigntyofacoastalStateextends,beyonditslandterritoryandinternalwatersand,inthecaseofanarchipelagicState,itsarchipelagicwaters,toanadjacentbeltofsea,describedastheterritorialsea.2.Thissovereigntyextendstotheairspaceovertheterritorialseaaswellastoitsbedandsubsoil.3.ThesovereigntyovertheterritorialseaisexercisedsubjecttothisConventionandtootherrulesofinternationallaw.SECTION2.LIMITSOFTHETERRITORIALSEAArticle3BreadthoftheterritorialseaEveryStatehastherighttoestablishthebreadthofitsterritorialseauptoalimitnotexceeding12nauticalmiles,measuredfrombaselinesdeterminedinaccordancewiththisConvention.Article4OuterlimitoftheterritorialseaTheouterlimitoftheterritorialseaisthelineeverypointofwhichisatadistancefromthenearestpointofthebaselineequaltothebreadthoftheterritorialsea.Article5NormalbaselineExceptwhereotherwiseprov