北京市大气细颗粒物PM25的来源研究

2004-09-092003AA6410401974-.*PM2.511*121.1008712.100012200020013PM2.5OCECCMBPM2.5PM2.51989199010PM2.5PM2.5CMBX513A1001-6929200505-0001-05SourceIdentificationofAmbientPM2.5inBeijingZHUXian-lei1ZHANGYuan-hang1ZENGLi-min1WANGWei21.CollegeofEnvironmentalSciencesPekingUniversityBeijing100871China2.ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciencesBeijing100012ChinaAbstractPM2.5sampleswerecollectedatLiandaYufangyuanandHuankeyuaninBeijingduring20002001andelementsionsOC/ECandorganiccompoundsweredetermined.AchemicalmassbalanceCMBreceptormodelusingPAHsandsomeinorganiccompoundsastracerswasappliedinthisstudytoapportionsourcecontributionstoambientPM2.5inBeijing.TheresultsshowedthatthemajorsourcesofPM2.5inBeijingwerecoalburningdustvehicleexhaustconstructiondustbiomassburningsecondarysulfateandnitrateandorganicmatter.Thevariationofsourcecontributionswasnotsignificantamongthesamplingsitesbutdistinctseasonalitywasobservedforthesourcesofcoalcombustiondustbiomassburningandsecondarysulfateandnitrate.Acomparisonwiththeresultsobtainedin19891990indicatedthatsourcecontributionstoPM2.5werechangingduringthedecade.KeywordsPM2.5sourceapportionmentCMBreceptormodelpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsPAHs13CMBUSEPA2CMB3-4ECSchauer5-62090organictracertechniqueOCCMB5SanJoaquin78PAHsPM2.511.1PM2.5185ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol.18No.5══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════20052km500m300m3500m2#4100m2#30m200042430818251030114200119143PM2.56dMOUDI-100MSPA-245SIREEPM2.5TeflonICP-AESTeflonPM2.5NH4+F-Cl-NO3-SO42-/PM2.5OCECGC/MSPAHs200042526302981825221d11200111113141.2PM2.59PM2.5SO2NOx910-1111PAHsOCEC1KOCECAlCaNO3-SO42-NH4+1wOC100%11PM2.5Table1SourceprofilesofPM2.5µg/g111186102828.4101157.331044.66100.00.00.0490106512.310193.201029.58100.00.00.0a108310645.311027.02109.81100.00.00.01794101053.11066.151026.78100.00.00.0k+b375510456.661093.001034.22100.00.00.0e62710504.171084.131030.44100.00.00.0a104810617.051031.68108.34100.00.00.03651085.03103.38102.36100.00.00.0123-cd106110223.011028.07108.84100.00.00.0ghi83610232.611030.45109.40100.00.00.0ah2401039.96101.12100.27100.00.00.0OC24800939000090.0918680094840000.00.0EC107009365000910.09157009286000.00.0Al47800912160942600973100911100.00.0Ca4400933739300000914650091000.00.0K110009211191610091210091670010.00.0NO3-314796440090.091100925000.07750001SO42-26360092800090.09110009250072700010.0NH4+20091550090.0910091500273000226000121822.1PM2.5CMB7PM2.51772.5%PM2.512PMF18.1%16.4%PM2.55-8PAHsPM2.55.6%/15.5%9/PM2.53.3%4.5%1PM2.5Fig.1AnnualmeansourcecontributionsofPM2.5inBeijing9.6%SO2NOxPM2.5SOA15.0%PM2.5Schauer5SanJoaquin78OCOCSOAOC19.2%～34.1%PM2.5wOCwOC22.4%SOAPM2.56.0%～10.6%OC1.4PM2.515.6%～20.2%2.2PM2.5PM2.522ρPM2.5120～128µg/m33PM2.5SOoPaulo13PM2.52PM2.5Fig.2PariationsofsourcecontributionsofPM2.5amongsamQlingsitesinBeijing2.3PM2.53PM2.520002m/s60%14209035PM2.51412Zheng8PM2.53PM2.5Fig.3SeasonalvariationofsourcecontributionsofPM2.5inBeijingPM2.58.1%2.53.9K15K17%1.72.5SO2PM2.54.4%13.7%～15.8%SOA87SO42-NO3-NH4+2.4PM2.519891990PM2.51622102198919902000200121989199020002001PM2.5Table2ComparisonofthesourcecontributionstoPM2.5between19891990and200020011989199020002001ρPM2.5/µgm-377.512532.716.435.715.5917/5.613.3/%24.1218.14.50.47.739.615.0115.5%/5.6%PM2.523ρPM2.50.677.5µg/m3125µg/m3101989199024.1%2000200121.4%2.7%101/2SO291989199035.7%PM2.5ECρEC16.4µg/m3PM2.5ECρEC5.4µg/m3/15.5%9175.6%/41810ρPM2.510/PM2.510102PM2.519891990PM2.5OCECOCSOA162000200115.0%2.1SOABTXE1995199820%19981999128%183a.PM2.5b.3ρPM2.5c.20002001PM2.5d.19891990PM2.510PM2.51.M.1991.164.TangXiaoyan.AtmosphericenvironmentalsciencesM.BeijingHighEducationalPress1991.164.2OfficeofAirandRadiationOfficeofAirQualityPlanningandStandardsUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.ProtocolforapplyingandvalidatingtheCMBmodelM.USEPAResearchTriangleParkNC1987.3GordonGE.ReceptormodelsJ.EnvironSciTechnol198014792-800.4GordonGE.ReceptormodelsJ.EnvironSciTechnol1988221132-1142.5SchauerJJRoggeWFHildemannLMetal.SourceapportionmentofairborneparticulatematterusingorganiccompoundsastracersJ.AtmosEnviron199630223837-3855.6CassGR.OrganicmoleculartracersforparticulateairpollutionsourcesJ.TrendsinAnalyticalChemistry1998176356-366.7SchauerJJCassGR.Sourceapportionmentofwintertimegas-phaseandparticle-phaseairpollutantsusingorganiccompoundsastracersJ.EnvironSciTechnol2000341821-1832.8ZhengMCassGRSchauerJJetal.SourceapportionmentofPM2.5inthesoutheasternUnitedStatesusingsolvent-extractableorganiccompoundsastracersJ.EnvironSciTechnol2002362361-2371.9.R.2002.TangXiaoyan.GeneticandsourceanalysisofatmosphericpollutioninBeijingM.BeijingPekingUniversity2002.10WatsonJGChowJCHouckJE.PM2.5chemicalsourceprofilesforvehicleexhaustvegetativeburninggeologicalmaterialandcoalburninginNorthwesternColoradoduring1995J.Chemosphere2001431141-1151.11HildemannLMMarkowskiGRCassGR.ChemicalcompositionofemissionsfromurbansourcesoffineorganicaerosolJ.EnvironSciTechnol199125744-759.12.J.200223611-16.SongYuTangXiaoyanFangChenetal.SourceapportionmentonfineparticlesinBeijingJ.ChineseJournalofEnvironmentalS