1专题二、冠词一.概念:冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为:定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲不定冠词:1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前,如:abook;a“u”,”y”;ausualboy;aone-legdogausefulbook;aEuropeancountry;auniversity.an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:anapple,anhour;anumbrella,an”r”“h”,”f”,”n”,”m”,”l”,”s””x”;anunusualboy,anunhappyday;anhonestchild;anengineeran8/18/80-meet-highbuilding1.a/an用于单数可数名词前。abookaboyamanabirdadoganhour【练习】判断正误:astory()abread()apaper()abag()aprettywoman()aschool()ausefulbook()amusic()2.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如:Thatisapen,notapencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)Givehimapear,please!请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个)Listen!Aboyissingingintheclassroom.3.和one的区别:a/an表示类别种类one强调数量abus(表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车)onebus(强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)Thereisacatunderthechair.椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)Thereisonecatunderthechair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)4.表示基本单位,作“每一”讲,相当于“”every。例如:threetimesaday,10yuanakilosixclassadaythirtymilesanhour等。定冠词:一:the表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。thebookinmybagtheboyunderthetreetheapplesinthebasketthehospitalnearmyhome二:可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。thebooksthebookthericethebreadthefootballtheoldmantheinterestingbooktheteachersthewomen三:用法:21).定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。2).再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:Tomhasanapple,Theappleisbigandred.Thereisaboyunderthetree.Theboyismybrother.3).指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:Let’sgoandgiveittotheteacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Openthedoor,please!请打开门。4).用于某些固定词组中。例如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。5).用在形容词前表示一类人。theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富裕的人thepoor_________thedeaf__________theblind____________6).用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人,谓语往往用复数。例如:TheWhitesarespendingtheirholidayinEngland.TheGreenshavegonetotheGreatWall.7).用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城theSummerPlace颐和园theUnitedStates美国theChildren’sPalace少年宫theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy中国人民解放军theLongMarch长征theUK英国8).用在序数词或形容词最高级前ThefirstthingIwanttosayistolistencarefullyinclass.Heisthetallestoneinourclass.9).世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)themoontheuniverse宇宙thesuntheearthintheskyThesunrisesintheeast.Theearthgoesroundthesun.(afullmoon一轮满月)10).在世纪,年代名词前用冠词。inthe1980s或inthe1980’s20世纪80年代inthenineteenthcentury二十世纪11).在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。theChangjangRiver长江theWestLake西湖thePacificOcean太平洋12).在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:inthebox,behindthechair。13).在西洋乐器前必须加定冠词如:playthepianoplaytheviolin14)一些固定词组:inthemorning在上午intheevening在晚上3inthefield在田野里inthecountry在乡间inthesun在阳光下inthedistance在远处ontheright在右边bytheway顺便说一下inthefrontof在前部inthedaytime白天gototheconcert去听音乐会at(/in)thebeginning开始atthemoment当时,此刻alltheyearround一年到头gotothecinema去看电影gotothetheatre去看戏attheweekend周末intheafternoon在下午inthenight在夜里inthesky在空中inthedark在暗处intherain在雨中intheshade在阴凉处ontheleft在左边allthetime始终inthemiddleof在中间onthewayhome回家途中allthesame依然onthewhole总之atthesametime同时ontheplane在飞机上intheyear2008在2008年theotherday前几天atthebottomof在……底部iontheonehand,ontheotherhand一方面,另一方面intheend终于下面几个短语前不加定冠词:例:atdawn在黎明atnight在晚上atnoon在正午atdusk在黄昏15).the+比较级;the+比较级15).在有些个体名词词组中,如:school,college,university,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,等个体名词,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)inhospital(生病)住院,inthehospital在医院里infrontof在…前面,inthefrontof在…范围内的前部gotouniversity/college上大学gototheuniversity/college去大学(找人,办事,上班等)nbed生病卧床inthebed在床上(玩,看书等)gotochurch做礼拜gotothechurch去教堂(办事,上班等)零冠词:一:所谓零冠词,即指不使用冠词的情况:二:用法:1.在物质名词,抽象名词前不用冠词Thedeskismadeofwood.Whatiswork?Workisstruggle42.国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,ChinaMaryLileiMr.Green3.在星期、月份,季节(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:Women’sDay;onSunday;insummer,inspring,insummer,inwinter,inAugust请区别:inthespringof1945.(这里表示特指,故加the)TheSpringFestival(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner,playfootball/chess请区别:haveaquickbreakfasthaveabigdinner(3)一些固定词组中,如:gotobed,gotoschool,bybus,atnight,onfoot4.名词前有物主代词,指示代词,不定代词,名词所有格修饰时(this,my,that,those,these,her)如:thismorningmypenyourwatchwhosebike等5.在学科和语言的名词前如:learnEnglishlearnChineselearnmaths6.当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;bybusbytrainbycarbyairbybikebyplane(注意:如果用介词on、in表示乘坐交通工具必须用a或an,the来表示如:inabus,onabike等)7.在国乐前用零冠词:playErhu;playpipa一.用冠词填空1.Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall.2.Thisis_______usefulbook.I'vereaditfor_______hour.3._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse.4._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day.5.Let'sgooutfor_______walk.6.It'stoohot.Open_______door,please.7.Thereis_______womanoverthere._______womanisMeimei'smother.8._______sunrisesin_______east.9._______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestriverin_______China.10.Areyougoingtodoit_______secondtime?11.Washingtonis_______capitalof_______USA.12._______Turnersarelivingattheendof_______TurnerStreet.13.Hejoinedthearmyin_______springof_______1995.14._______oldmanis_______teacher.Helikesplaying_______basketballafter_______supper.15.AfterIhad_______quickbreakfast,Ihurriedtoschool.16.Are_______sheepkeptby_______farmersforproducing_______wooland_______meat?17.Theywentto_______People'sPark,butwebothwentto_______People'sCinemayesterday.518.Ioftenwatch_______TVin_______evening.19.__