中考英语名词总复习

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名词一、考查重点1.可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的单数与复数名词所有格3.名词用法以及词义辨析知识网络名词名词的分类专有名词普通名词可数名词规则变化不规则变化不可数名词:不可数名词的量名词所有格所有格的构成所有格的用法名词双重所有格名词的句法作用:作主语、宾语、定语等名词的分类名词所有格名词的句法作用名词{专有名词(如:Tom,China,theUnitedStates,January,Monday)可数名词{普通名词{物质名词(如water,ice,wood)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如:teacher教师)集体名词(如:police警察)不可数名{名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。普通名词可数名词个体名词:chair,book集体名词:people,family不可数名词物质名词:rain,ice,sunshine抽象名词:love,knowledge考点一名词的分类名词单数的表达一般可用a,an,one来修饰注:a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhourflowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes名词的复数形式1.规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves特殊:roof---roofs特殊:belief---beliefs找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato,tomato,hero除外*piano–pianos*zoo–zoosradio-radiosbamboo--bambooschild--childrenwoman--womensheepman--men2.不规则变化(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet(3).变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别:German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变,其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothesshoestrousersglasses这些名词作主语时,注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree.Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,GermansDC★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water,rice,fish,meat等。workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰,常用much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any,plentyof等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量,但单位后面的可数名词用复数,不可数名词形式不变*abagofapples*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶(2)一碗饭(3)两公斤肉(4)五瓶橘汁(5)一双鞋(6)许多瓶牛奶4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA专有名词:1.表示人名如:JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称,如:SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日:国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节)Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称,它们往往缩写,如:CCTVWTOPLAPRCUFOBBCSOSNBAIQEQPERMBVIP(2016.贵州安顺)—Doyouknow____womaninred?—Yes,sheisaprofessorof____AnshunCollege.A.the,/B.a,/C.the,anD.the,the(2014.贵州贵阳)Itisreportedthataterriblerainstormhit_____southofourcountrylastnight.A.theB.aC.an中考链接(A)(A)SumupWhathaveyoulearntthislesson?•可数名词•不可数名词名词分类普通名词专有名词Thankyou!主谓一致1.当people,class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时,如果看成一个整体,动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时,就用复数。e.gTheclassarewaitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.isare2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义,动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.is名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下,在有生命的名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC双重所有格•of+’s或of+名词性物主代词。如:•Abookofmydaughter’s•我女儿的一本书•我其中的一个朋友•Oneofmyfriends•Afriendofmine5.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有,在最后一个名词后加-’s;珍妮和海伦的房间JennyandHelen’sroom6.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有,而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间Jenny’sandHelen’srooms6.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s重难点突破D7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西,也可以加–’s构成所有格2小时路程北京最好的公园今日的报纸twohours’walk=two-hourwalkBeijing’sbestparktoday’snewspaperatmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop9.表示类别的名词作定语,不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup8.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有格后面的名词twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance8.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk重难点突破A1广东的省会2教室的门3我父亲的一个朋友4他的两个兄弟5爱迪生的一些发明6他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)7他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather’stwobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother名词的所有格Practice★名词的用法1.修饰另一名词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