介词加关系代词与关系副词

Unit5NelsonMandelaPeroid5GrammarTheAttributiveClauseⅡ关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：指人指物subject(主语)object(宾语)attribute（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略TheAttributiveClause2--RelativeAdverbsLearningAims1.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句2.定语从句中关系副词的用法1.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dadisaperson________________Icaneasilytalkto.Isthistheplay___________youweretalkingaboutjustnow?介词+which/whom引导的定语从句2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Ican’tfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting.介词+关系代词引导定语从句情况1介词+关系代词引导定语从句情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况Themanyouspokewasascientist.Thecityshelivesisfaraway.toin××2Arethesetwosentencesright?whomwhichwhothat在介词之后不能用whothatIsawthewatchwhichyouarelooking?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingisbetter.在短语动词中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?forafter××▲注意:在介词+which/whom引导定语从句结构中，有时在其前可加名词，代词，数词等。如：Noonewantstheroomthewindowsofwhicharebroken.(“…的”，所属关系)Theoldmanhasthreesons,allofwhomaredoctors.(整体的一部分或全部)LastSundayIboughtseveralbooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(整体的一部分或全部)(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.3.介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.Thethingabout/ofwhichMr.Smithwasnotsurewastheyoungman’shonesty.(3)根据定语从句的意义来决定WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasshot.用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1.Idisagreewiththefacts______whichyourargumentisbased.2.Thesong,______whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.3.Thisisthereason______whichheoftencomestoschoollate.oninfor4.Iwanttofindtheverypen______whichIwrotethatletter.5.Theyarethestudents______whomourteachersarethinkinghighly.6.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends______whomyoucanshareyourfeelingsandthoughts.7.Itwillnotbenecessarytonametheperson______whomthecardbelongs.8.Iwouldalwaysliketodobusinesswiththosepeople________whomIcanrely.withofwithtoon/upon1.Iwillneverforgettheday______westudiedtogether.2.Thatwasthepenhewrotetheletter.onwhichwithwhichforwhich3.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?4.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?5.Thisistheheroweareproud.6.Therearethreethings________sheisnotsure.ofwhom介词+关系代词的情况练习onwhichaboutwhich5.先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，且在从句中做方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.（shetalkedtomeintheway）Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.(heteachesEnglishintheway)（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）▲Payattentiontothissentence:Ididn’tliketheway____________hetoldtome.（hetoldthewaytome）which/that/省略关系副词：在定语从句中，当表示时间、地点、原因的名词作先行词时，且先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词when,where,why.关系副词的用法关系副词指代先行词在从句中的成分When(=at/in/on/during等介词+which)Where(=in/at等介词+which)why(=forwhich)表时间时间状语表地点地点状语表原因原因状语关系副词-----when,where,why1.when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如:time,day,year,week,month,morning,evening等）,在从句中作时间状语when可换成“at/in/on/during等介词+关系代词”。e.g.Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.2.where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如:place,room,house,hotel,school,city等)，在从句当中作地点状语。when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：•Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.•Myfatherwasbornintheplacewhere(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.3.why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后,表示原因，在从句当中做原因状语，相当于for+whichThereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.reason作先行词时关系词的使用I’mnotclearaboutthereasonforwhichhedidit.whyhediditthathedidit.先行词thereasonforwhichwhythat①Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing．②ThereasonwhyJimwashappytohelpMandelawashelpingothers.③ThedaywhenMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim.下面我们学习一下关系副词when\where\why的用法Thehousewhichhelivesinneedsrepairing.Thehouseinwhichhelivesneedsrepairing.Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing．ComparinganddiscoveringThereasonwhyJimwashappytohelpMandelawashelpingothers.ThereasonforwhichJimwashappytohelpMandelawashelpingothers..ThedaywhenMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim.ThedayonwhichMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim4.关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.4.关系副词的用法注意点(2)当point,situation,case,position,stage,condition等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等抽象意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.我们正处在可能损失一笔钱的境地。Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?你能想到一种使用这个短语的情况吗？小结:关系词的选择1.找先行词2.先行词在从句中作什么成分（1）主语、宾语、表语、定语-----关系代词状语------关系副词（2）先行词前是否需要介词要----关系副词不要----关系代词关系词及其用法小结关系代词指代在定从中省略否whowhomwhosewhichthat人作主语不省人作宾语可省人/物(的)作定语(+n)不省事/物作主语/宾语作宾语时可省人/物作主语/宾语作宾语时可省关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略that关系副词指代在定从中省略否whenwherewhy介词+which作时间状语介词+which介词for+which作地点状语作原因状语不省不省不省不可以省略辨析whichorwhere/when/why在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语whichorwhere/when/why1.Thisisthemuseum_______mymotherworked10yearsago.(workedinthemuseum地点状语)Thisisthemuseum_________wasbuiltin1950.(themuseumwasbuild)（museum主语）在定语从句中作状语还是