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JiangsuCeramics38420058Vol.38,No.4August,2005:2005-06-13!、,、。,。1980[1],,200030,15%。,,,、、,,。1。1955(Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3,PZT),[3];,,Rochelle(KNT),CdS,ZnO,AlN,(EDT),KDP,(ADP),(Li2SO4·H2O);:LiNbO3,LiTaO3,KNbO3,KTaO3;:、、;(Bi4Ti3O12)、;T13BX4(B=V、Ni、Ta;X=S,Se)(AlPO4)。,[4]。,,。,3220,20。2。1920(,430074),、。,,。;;1!2(SiO2)(NaKC4H4+4H2OKNT)(NH4H2PO4ADP)(LiNbO3)(LiSO4-H2OLSH)(LiTaO3)(LiGeO3!##########$)(BaTiO3)(PbTiO3)(KxNa1-xNbO3)(PbNb2O5!####$)(Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3)(Pb1-xBaxNb2O5%)----------!####$!################$(PVDF)PVDF+PZT!##############################$:62,。20,、,。,。,(100),(001)。,。!2.12.1.1()32(D3),c,ab120°。z。xy,x。yx,y,。2.1.2(LiNbO3)[5]3m,NbO6。。1210℃,(0.70C·m-2)。4(dl5,d22,d31d33)。。,,,1050℃,LiNbO3。2.22040BaTiO3,1947,[6]。50(PZT),BaTiO3,PLZT。ABO3(6)ABO3,(PZT)。(BaTiO3)(CaTiO3),,,8。BaTiO3;120℃,,;0℃。BaTiO3,[7]。(120℃)。,(0℃),。,BaTiO3,CaTiO3PbTiO3。CaTiO3,,8%,。PbTiO3,,8%,。BaTiO3BaTiO3-CaTiO3BaTiO3-PbTiO3。,Pb(ZrxTil-xO)3,PZT。,。Zr/Ti,,Ba2+、Sr2+、Sn4+、La3+、Bi3+、Sn5+。PbTiO3(490℃)。4(LiNbO3):37,,。PbTiO3。,,,[8]。2.3[%&2.3.1(PVDF)PVDF:(CH2CF2)n,n(10000)。50%。PVDF!、、#$。。2.3.211、9、75%(-CH2)2n。,。PVDF,150℃,(d31,g31)。2.3.3P(VDFTrFE)P(VDF－TrFE)(VDF)(TrFE),PVDFVDFTrFE。PVDF,。2.’,-[(1-x)Pb(Mgl/3Nb2/3)O3-x-PbTiO3],PMN-PT[9]。(1-x)Pb(B1B2)O3-xPbTiO3(B1=Mg,Zn,Ni,Fe,Sc,In;B2=Nb,Ta,W),PbTiO3(PT),。:A-(B'B)O3A'A(B'B)O3,。ABO3。,APb2+;B,B',Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Fe3+、Sc3+,B,Nb5+、Ta5+、W6+;Pb-(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3(PMN),Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3(PZN),Pb(Sc1/2-Ta1/2)O3(PST)。PMN[10]、－。80,J.Kuwata[11]PZN-PT,PZT。1990,ShroutZhang15mmPMN-PT,d331500pc/N[12],1994、1995,ToshibaYamashitaSaitoh[13]。1996,Shrout20mmPZNT,B[14]。1997,T.Kobayashi[15]43mm×42mm×40mmPZNT。1996,Bridgman,PMN-PT[16]。。ParkShrout1997PZN-PT[17]。、(001)。JiangsuCeramics200583848。:0.92PZN-0.08PT,d33=2500PC/N-1(PTZ3～6)、。。1PZTPMN-PT。1P#$P%&’P$(1)*(ONR),20,。1997,PMN-PT。PMN-PT,,。,PMN-PT,,,;,,,[19-22]。+,-,(PZT,PbTiO3)()[23]。,(),,,ρ,v(ρv),、。,,。,,。!,。:[24]。,。、、、、,、、。50,,。,,,,。:.,1(+-*,。。,()。,,。,,,,。,(Na1/2,Bi1/2)Ti03(BNT),。,863。.,+1997,PMNPTPZNPT,k33PZT5APZT5HPMN-PT()×103/(kgm-3)7.667.808.0933T/0(1kHz)200031005000tan#/%2.02.00.9/℃290195145～158/℃--50～90d33/pCN-1700-1500～3100kt/%515162k33/%686868Qm(PZT)756521Vt/ms-1450045004690V33'/ms-1!390039003690Zt/106kgm-2s-1343437～39Z33'/106kgm-2s-1303029:992%,d332000×10-12C/N,(001)1.7%,130J/kg。,、、、,[26]。3.3-[23],Newnham10,20。、、、。,,、、、、、,50～100µm20µm。。3.4[2(],。,。2090。-(Sol-Gel)、、(MOCVD)、(PLD)、(MBE)、LSM-CD(),PZT,,,。3.)[2*](PZT)(AgPt),。100～150MPa,1.0～1.5MPa。PZT,3.4。,。,。,,,PLZT,。[1],.[M].:,2004[2],,.[M].,1993[3].[M].[4],,.[M].[5],,.LiNbO3.[J],2004,35#11$18～20[6]K.Uchino,Highelectromechanicalcouplingpiezoelectrics:relaxorandnormalferroelectricsolidsolutions,SolidStateIonics,1998,108:53～52.[7],,.[M].,1983.[8],.[M],,1998[9]P.Bonneau,P.Garnier,G.Galvarin,etal.,X-rayandneutrondiffractionstudiesofthediffusephasetransitioninPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3ceramics,J.SolidStateChem.,1991,91:350～361[10]A.,VerbaereY.Piffard,Z.G.Ye,etal.,Leadmagnoniobatecrystalstructuredetermination,Mat.Res.Bull.,1992,27:1227～1234[11]J.Kuwata,K.Uchino,S.Nomura,PhasetransitionsinthePb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3system,Ferroelectrics,1981,37:579～582[12]T.R.Shrout,Z.P.Chang,N.Kim,etal.,Dielectricbehaviorofsinglecrystalsnearthe(-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3morphotropicphaseboundary,Ferro.lett.,1990,12:63～69[13]Y.Yamashita,Y,Yokohama,SaitohS.UnitedStatesPatent,5410209.1995[14]S.Saitoh,Y,Yokohama,IzumiM,Y.Yamashitaetal.UnitedStatesPatent,.5295487.1994[15]T.Kobayashi,S.Shimanuki,S.Saitoh,etal.,Improvedgrowthoflargeleadzincniobatetitanatepiezoelectricsinglecrystalsformedicalultrasonictransducers,Jpn.J.Apl.Phys.,1997,36(Pt.1,No.9B):6035～6038[16],,.%.[J],1997[17]R.E.Service,Shape-changingcrystalsgetshiftier,Science,28,March,1997,275:1878[18].[M].,1999JiangsuCeramics2005838410[19]D.ViehlandandJ.Powers,Effectofuniaxialstressontheelectromechanicalpropertiesof0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3crystalsandceramics,J.Appl.Phys.,2001,89:1820～1825[20]D.Viehland,L.EwartandJ.Powers,etal.,StressdependenceoftheelectromechanicalpropertiesofW001XorientedPbYMg1/3Nb2/3ZO3-PbTiO3crystals:performancead[antagesandlimitations,J.Appl.Phys.,2001,90:2\79～2\]3[21]S.E.Par^,T._.Shrout,_elaxorbasedferroelectricsinglecrystalsforelectro-mechanicalactuators,Mat._es.‘nno[at.,1997:1:20～25[22]a.b.Lam,b.L.c.dhan,b.S.Luo,etal.,dymbalactuatorsfabricatedusingPMN-PTsinglecrystal,eerroelectrics,2001,2f3:235～2\0.[23],,...[J],2000,31Y5Z:\5f～\f0.[2\].[M].!1990[25].NgT-ghT.[J],2003,Y5Z:21～23[2f].#$.$[J],2000,22Y5Z:272～27\[27],,..[J],2005,Y3Z:3f～39(5):()。。:、。:Y1Z;Y2Z;Y3Z;Y\Z;Y5Z,;YfZ;Y7Z;Y8Z;Y9Z。:。;。:(),。。:、。:Y1Z;Y2Z;Y3Z;Y\Z;(5);(f);(7);(8),。(9);(10)。:;。。:11