RBCA和Csoil模型在挥发性有机物污染场地健康风险评价中的应用比较

2011,30(12):2458-2466JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScienceRBCACsoil212-12-。214。65%。。Csoil。RBCARBCACsoilCsoilCsoil。RBCACsoilX820.4A1672-2043(2011)12-2458-09RBCACsoil11211221.2100952.225009ComparisonofRBCAandCsoilModelApplicationsinHealthRiskAssessmentofaVolatileOrganicCom－poundsContaminatedSiteWUYi-zhong1,TANGXiao-liang1,2,GEYing1,WANGXi-zhen1,NINGQiang2,WANGXia21.CollegeofResourceandEnvironmentalScience,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,China;2.YangzhouResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalScience,Yangzhou225009,ChinaAbstractVolatilechlorinatedhydrocarbonsarepoisonous,cumulativeanddiverseandmaycauseseriousharmtohumanhealthandenvi－ronment.ThisresearchwasperformedonavolatilechlorinatedhydrocarbonscontaminatedsiteandRBCAmodelandCsoilmodelwereap－pliedfortheassessmentofthehealthrisksoftwomaincontaminants,1,2-dichloropropaneand1,2-dichloroethane.TheresultsshowedthatthehealthriskscalculatedeitherbytheRBCAmodelorCsoilmodelweregenerallyconcordantwithinthesameorderofmagnitude.ThehealthrisksofeachsamplingpointwereintheacceptablerangeexceptedfortheNo.14samplingpoint.Theriskthroughmouthintakewasthehighestinallexposurepathwayscausedbysoilpollution,accountingformorethan65%oftheproportion.Skincontactrankedthesecondplace,whereastheintakethroughbreathingwastheminimum.Thehealthriskscausedbyindoorvolatileexposurewassignificantlygreaterthanoutdoorvolatileexposureamongbreathingexposurepathways.TheriskscausedbygroundwaterexposurecalculatedthroughCsoilmodelwaslargerthansoilexposure,indicatingthatthehealthriskcausedbygroundwaterexposurecouldnotbeneglected.RBCAmodelonlycon－sideredthewaterintakewhenconsideringgroundwaterexposurepathway,ComparedwithRBCAmodel,Csoilmodelconsideredbathexpo－sureasaspecialpathway,soCsoilmodelmightbemoresuitableforhealthriskassessmentinthesiteswheregroundwaterwascontaminated,duetoitsmorecomprehensiveconsideration.KeywordsRBCAmodel;Csoilmodel;volatileorganiccompounds;contaminatedsite;healthriskassessment2011-04-17207770364070107340971137BK20093151964—、。[e-mail]30121Table1Analyticalresultsofsoilandgroundwatersamples12-12-2004920049[10]。、、、[1]。、、。[2-3]。、[4]。[5]。CLEA、RISC、Csoil、RBCA、ROME、Sniffer、RISC-Human。RBCA、CLEACsoil[6]。Frank[7]RB－CA、Csoil75[、、、、]、。[8]RBCACsoil。。。RBCACsoil2。11.1。197230、。1.6m22090、、。20072009。1.2、、、17GPS。、17、。、1。WHO1989133.3Pa、50～260℃[9]。12-12-。12-、12-USEPAQA/QC、、、、。12-12-。12-12-1。12-12-。12-、12-。12-、12-。12-/mg·kg-110.10.74172.30.6/μg·L-17370.60.16200000.70.1212-24592011121.31.3.1RBCARBCA[11]AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterialsASTM、、[12]。2010。RBCAIntegratedRiskInformationsIRIS2。11。1Figure1Sampledistributioninchemicalplant2.92.821354679811101213141517162.72.62.52.42.3240220200180160140120100806040200100120140160180204060800mm、NPVC260200RBCACsoil2460301210-610-4。10-610-410-610-410-610011010-510-610110010-4。12-12-1010-5。HQHQ=CS×IR×CF×EF×EDBW×AT×RfD＋CS×CF×SA×AF×ABSd×EF×EDBW×AT×RfD+CS×1/PEF×HR×EF×EDBW×AT×RfD+Cdw×QDW×EF×EDBW×AT×RfDCSmg·kg-1IRm3·d-1CFkg·mg-1EFd·a-1EDaBWkgATdSAcm2·d-1AFmg·cm-2ABSdPEFm3·kg-1HRm3·d-1Cdwmg·L-1QDWL·d-1RfDmg·kg-1·d-1。RR=CS×IR×CF×EF×ED×SFBW×AT+CS×CF×SA×AF×ABSd×EF×ED×SFBW×AT+CS×1/PEF×HR×EF×ED×SFBW×AT+Cdw×QDW×EF×ED×SFBW×ATSFkg·d·mg-1。1.3.2CsoilCsoil[13]NationalInstituteforPublicHealthandtheEnvironmentRIVM。2007。CsoilSUMMPRRiskRisk≤1Risk1。CsoilRisk=AID×Cs×FaBW×MPR+Cs×ITSP×Fr×FaBW×MPR+AEXPi×Fm×DAEi×DAR×Cs×TBi×frs×FaBW×MPR+AEXPi×Fm×DAEo×DAR×Cs×TBo×FoBW×MPR+QDW×Cdw×FaBW×MPR+ATOT×Fexp×Tdb×DAE×1-Kwa×Cdw×FaBW×MPR+Cbk×AV×Tds×Fa×1000BW×MPR+TIo×Coa×AV×Fa×1000BW×MPR+TIo×Cia×AV×Fa×1000BW×MPR+Qfvk×Cpro+Qfvb×Cpso×Fv×FaBW×MPRAIDmg·d-1Cmg·kg-1mg·L-1FaBWkgMPRkg·d·mg-1ITSPmg·d-1FrFaAEXPm2FmDAEkg·m-2DARh-1TBh·d-1frsQDWL·d-1Cdwmg·L-1ATOTm2FexpTdh·d-1AVm3·d-1Cbkmg·L-1FvTIh·d-1s、o、i、a、w、b、、、、fvk、fvb、pro、pso、、。1.3.3RBCACsoilRBCACsoil[8]。2RBCA、3Csoil72461201112RBCACsoil√√√√√√×√√√×√√√×√×√√√√√×√2Table2Exposurepathwaysbymediumfordifferentexposuremodel“√”“×”。3RBCATable3ExposureparametersforscenariospecificassumptionsofRBCAmodelCS/mg·kg-1/μg·L-1Cdw/μg·L-1CF10-6PEF/m3·kg-11.316×109IR/mg·d-1100/m3·d-120/L·d-12SA/cm2·d-13300AF/mg·cm-20.2ABSd0.04HR/m3·d-120EF/d·a-1250ED/a25BW/kg70AT/dED×365=9125BW×365=255504CsoilTable4ExposureparametersforscenariospecificassumptionsofCsoilmodelCs/mg·kg-1Cdw/μg·L-1AID/mg·d-150ITSP/mg·d-10.833Fr0.75Fa1AEXPi/m20.09AEXPo/m20.15Fm0.15DAEi/kg·m-25.6×10-4DAEo/kg·m-23.75×10-2DAR/h-10.005TBi/h·d-114.9TBo/h·d-11.14frs0.8QDW/L·d-12ATOT/m21.8Fexp0.4Tdb/h·d-10.25Tds/h·d-10.5AV/m3·d-10.833TIo/h·d-11.14TIi/h·d-122.9BW/kg70、、、。RBCA70a30a、Csoil70a、、1~6、7~70。RBCAJohnson&EttingerCsoilVolasoil[15]。CsoilRBCA2。1.3.4。ASTMRIVM。RBCACsoil345[16-18]。22.11m1m[19]。RBCACsoil246230122、Figure2Thecontributionrateofpathwaystonon-cancerandcancerriska12-0.55%28.83%70.62%b12-0.17%20.84%78.99%c12-1.40%20.56%78.04%d12-1.65%18.15%80.20%5Table5Toxicityparametersoftargetpollutants12-12-RfDo/mg·kg-1·d-10.090.02RfDi/mg·kg-1·d-11.14×10-31.43×10-3RfDABS/mg·kg-1·d-10.020.02SFo/kg·d·mg-10.0680.091SFi/kg·d·mg-10.0680.091SFABS/kg·d·mg-10.0680.091MPRoral/mg·kg-1·d-14314MPRinhal/mg·kg-1·d-11.880.96[20]。RBCA