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逻辑错误fallacy1.调查错误thesurveyuponwhichtheargumentdependsisinformativeandstatisticallyreliable.(1)Itisverylikelythattherespondentsonlystandforatinyproportionofthewhole.(数量不够)Forexample,ifthetotalnumberis…,...isonlyasmallpercentofthetotalpopulationthatcannotdrawanyfirmconclusion.(绝对数值)Forexample,ifthetotalnumberofsamplingis…,…%isonlyasmallnumberoftotalpopulationthatcannotdrawanyfirmconclusion.(相对数值)(2)Itisverylikelythatthesampleisnotrepresentativeenoughtoreflectthegeneralattitudeof…(代表性不足)Forexample,theyarejust…whichcouldnotrepresentadiversecrosssectionofthepopulation.Anotherpossibilityisthattherespondentswouldnotbeinclinedtoprovideauthenticandbelievableansweroutofconsiderationfortheirprivacyorpersonalaffairs.Or,perhapstheyareinfluencedbythesurveyor.2.负面影响thereisnopossibledetrimentaleffectof…3.因果关系…isresponsiblefor…4.未来变化thetrendin…willcontinueinthefuture./thestrategywouldensurethesimilarresultnowadays.Itismostlikelythatmanybackgroundconditionsuponwhichthetrend/strategy’seffectivenessdependhavechangedoverthistimespan.5.空间变化thestrategythat…wouldensurethesimilarresultat…ItismostlikelythatthereareinherentdifferencesbetweenAandBwhichmightmakethesamecourseofactionineffectiveandinsufficienttoensurethesimilarresultatB.6.非此即彼thereareonlytwoalternatives:…and…Itispossiblethatthereareothersolutionscontributingtosolvingtheproblem.7.画蛇添足Itisnecessaryto…他因销量上升Theauthorassumesthatnofactorotherthan…isresponsiblefortheincreasingsalesofA.1.价格因素ItismostlikelythatthepriceofAhasfallenwiththepurposeoftouting（招徕）consumers.Forthat,theincreaseofthesalesofAisduetothemoreattractivepriceotherthantheparticularrelish（味道，喜好）amongpeople.2.品牌因素ItismostlikelythatAhasadvantageofbrandthatBdoesnotpossess,whichisimpossibletoduplicate,ifso,theincreaseofthesalesofAistheresultoftheadvantageofbrandotherthantheprice.3.供求因素Asweknow,propertyvaluesareafunctionofsupplyanddemand.ItismostlikelythattheincreasingofthesalesofAisonaccountofaninfluxofalargeamountofpopulation.Or,perhapsthesupplyofAhasdecreased.4.大公司消费ItismostlikelythatmostofconsumptionofAisfrombigcompaniesandfirms.Inthiscase,thebusinessobjectisdifferent,andtheyshouldfocusmoreattentionondevelopingtherelationshipwithbigcompaniesotherthan…5.旅游因素Itismostlikelythat…isatourresortwhichmakesthemostofconsumersmaybetouristsinsteadoflocalresidents.Inthiscase,thebusinessobjectisdifferent,andtheyshould…销量下降Theauthorassumesthatnofactorotherthan…isresponsibleforthedeclineofthesalesofA.1.价格因素ItispossiblethatAispricedattoohighlevelsformajorityofconsumerstobuy,ifso,thedeclineofthesalesistheresultoftheimprudentpricingstrategyotherthan…2.其他因素RigidpolicyPoormanagementlackinginvestmentsorqualifiedworkers未来销量得不到保证Theauthorassumesthatifwe…,thesalesofAwilldefinitelyincrease.1.竞争因素ItispossiblethatthecompetitiveopponentswillmanufacturesimilarproductswithhigherqualitybutpricedatlowerlevelintheinstantfutureinsomuchthattheseproductswillbemorepopularwithconsumersanddiminishA’ssalessharply.2.流行因素Moreover,evenif…achievesamonopolyinthisfield,itcan’tpredictthesuccessinthefuture,becauseits’popularitymaybejustaresultoffashionandthetastesofpeopleischangingwitheachpassingdayattheratethatnoonecouldimagine.Asthesayinggoes,whatisinfavortodaymayshifttobelandfillintomorrow,sowhenAisnotinfashionthesalesofAwoulddwindleandtheprofitswouldbeseriouslyaffected.3.环境因素Or,perhapsthenationwideeconomicdepressionofthecomingfuturemayreducethedemandoftheconsumers.事故原因TheauthorassumesthehighrateofaccidentsofAisdueto…1.司机因素ItismostlikelythatmoredriversofAlackconsciousnessofsecurityorrarelykeepalertwhendriving.Forexample,alargeportionofthedriversofA,whoareinpursuitofhighspeedandbreathtakingfeeling,aremostlyboldandcareless,whichmaybringonlurkingdangerforaccidents.2.地形因素Moreover,withrespecttothegeologicalterrainofA,itisentirelypossiblethatAisanareawithmoresharpturns,dangerousintersectionsandpotholeswhereaccidentsaremorelikelytooccur.3.时间因素Moreover,itispossiblethatthelivinghabitofthedriversmayencouragethemtodriveinunsafeperiodoftime,suchasafoggymorningoradarkmidnight,whichwillcontributetoincreasingthenumberofaccidents.措施没有减少事故Theauthorassumesthatthemeasureisofnoeffectbecausethenumberofaccidentshasnotdecreased.Asmatteroffact,alapseofsixmonthsisnotenoughtotestanddeterminetheeffectivenessofthemeasure.1.天气因素Itispossiblethattheweatherconditionduringthisperiodoftimeisharshwhichconducetoincreasingthenumberofaccidents.2.人口因素Moreover,isthereaninfluxofpopulationduringthistimespan?Ifso,theunchangedrateofaccidentsisaresultofincreaseofthenumberofautomobilesontheroad.空间变化thestrategythat…wouldensurethesimilarresultat…ItismostlikelythatthereareinherentdifferencesbetweenAandBwhichmightmakethesamecourseofactionineffectiveandinsufficienttoensurethesimilarresultatB.Forexample,…prevailsinAmerelyforthemerelyreasonthatitmeetsthetastesandpreferenceoflocalresidents,whichperhapsistotallydifferentinB.AnotherexampleisthattheconvenienttransportationconditionsthatAembracestoimprovethesalesof…maybetotallydifferentinBwhichmakesitmoredifficulttoconveytheirproductsandmaterials.Asaresult,theinconv