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艺术Artinitselfisalanguage,atoolwhichembodiesitscreator’sinnerpassionandideology.Itsmeaningliesnotinhumoringthepublictasteandpredilectionbutintheexplorationoftherichnessofthespiritwithinself.（评论家之于艺术）1)Anunrecognizedjadeisnodifferentfromapettystone.Artisnotaveryaccessiblesubjectforeveryone.Asadirectproductoftheartist’spassionandamanifestationoftheartist’screativeimpulse,itsabstrusenatureandbeautyoftenrequiresinterpretation.Hastherenotbeenthecriticwhodiscoversandadvocatesthevaluesofgreatworksofart,theymayremainobscureandsubmergedbythenumerousuninspiredefforts.2)Thecriticcanprovideconstructivefeedbackandcriticismfortheartistandpromptbetterwork.Inbothcircumstances,thecriticservesasthecommunicationbridgebetweentheartistandthegeneralpublic.Thisbridgemaysometimesappearrickety,butitisindispensible.Ittranslatesthelanguageofart,withoutwhichthevalueappreciationwouldnotevenbepossible.艺术家对社会的贡献，杰出个人造就历史，创新，颠覆传统MarcelDuchamp,aFrench-bornAmericanartist,isalegendaryfigurewhoseworksandideashavehadaprofoundinfluenceonthedevelopingpathof20thcenturyart.Hisquestforirrationalityandfreedomisextraordinarilyremarkableintherationality-dominantWesternworld.In1917,hismostwell-knownworkofarttitledFountainwasdisplayedinagalleryinNewYork.Infact,itwasanordinary,mass-producedurinalwhichMarcelpurchasedfromalocalstore.Whilethiswasindeedaboldandsubversiveact,itvividlydemonstratedMarcel’smaverickpersonalityandrevolutionarythoughtaboutart:totranscendtheconfinesofold,establishedaestheticprinciplesandoriginality.不被当代认可的艺术家，贫困潦倒，评论家发现艺术家价值JanVermeer,aDutchpainterwhomastersuseoflightandshadow,representsthemanygreatartistswhodidnotreceiveappreciationduringtheirowntimes.Hehasnotsoldonepieceofhispaintingsinhislifetimeanddiedyoungleavinghisfamilynothingbutdebt.Itwasnotuntillate19thcentury,nearlytwocenturiesafterhisdeath,thathewasrediscoveredbyartcriticThoreBurgerwhoreintroducedtothepublicVermeer’spaintingswhichthenbegantogainwideattentionandadmiration.TodayVermeerisregardedasoneofthegreatestpaintersoftheDutchGoldenAge.艺术反映现实，隐藏的社会理念与动力Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabin,whichwasthebest-sellingnovelof19thcentury,providesaperfectexampleofliteratureasanagentofsocialchange.Bydepictingthecruelrealityofslavery,theanti-slaverynovel,tosomedegree,helpedfueltheabolitionistcauseinthe1850sandaggravatedthesectionalconflictwhicheventuallygaverisetotheCivilWar.ItsimpactonAmericansocietywasallthemorenotable,reinforcedbytheanecdoteofLincoln,whooncesaidtoStowe:“Sothisisthelittleladywhostartedthisgreatwar.”Oftenusingcontemporarysettingsandaddingartistexpressions,writersshowintheirwritingstheideasandimpulsesunderneaththesociety.（三个例子排比）Picasso’smasterpieceGuernicawascreatedatthenewsofthebombingofthesmalltownduringSpanishCivilWarandthepaintingconveyedasentimentofstronggriefandindignation.Beethoven’sSymphonyNo.5communicatedaresistantspirittotheplightpittedagainstbythemanipulationoffate.Cervantes’DonQuixoteinsinuatedthearbitrarypowersofthechurchandsatirizedtheknightnovelsprevalentinSpanishsocietyatthetime.艺术家对社会贡献，政府应适度支持艺术，个人经历坎坷的艺术家SamuelJohnson,18thcenturyhighly-acclaimedBritishwriterandcritic,isamanknowingthepainsofpoverty.JohnsonstartedadegreeinOxfordbutwasforcedtodropoutduetohisfather’sdeterioratingfinancialconditionsandleftforLondonwhereheledadifficultlifeasahack,andalsowherehecompletedwhatcametobethemostauthoritativeEnglishdictionaryfor150years,“ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage”.Thepublicationofthedictionaryestablishedhisreputation.Whatpeopledidnotknowwasthatthroughouttheeightyearsofcompilinghisdictionary,Johnsonreceivednopatronageandreliedsolelyonhimselfinthisgiganticworkinspiteofhisearnestrequestforhelpfromtheauthority.YethewastreatedwithtotalindifferenceandevencontemptespeciallybyLordChesterfield.Hadtherebeensupportofonepatron,hisworkwouldhavebeenfinishedwithinafarshortertimeperiod.政治反面例子，领导者贪污腐败Abouttwoyearsago,Shanghai'sPartySecretaryChenLiangyuwasarrestedforbriberyandabuseofpower.Duringhistenure,ChenunlawfullytransferredtheownershipofamajorhighwayprojectofShanghaitoabusinessmanwhoofferedhimconsiderablepersonalbenefits,andclandestinelygrantedloansofmorethan$10,000,000fromthecity'ssocialsecurityfund.Whentheillegaltradewasfinallyuncovered,alossonthecountryofapproximately$46,000,000hadalreadyoccurred.Thisisaperfectexampleofapublicofficial,whodonothaveatheartthewelfareandinterestofthepeople,betraystheleadershipandtrustaffordedtohim.Asthesordidandignoblemeansbywhichhewieldedhispowerwasdisclosed,thedamagewasnotonlylossofstate-ownedassets,butevenmoredetrimental,thediminishedpublicconfidenceinthegovernment.TheChenlessonprovidesanimportantcaveattoleaders,possessingmoreorlesspower:apublicofficialshouldholdmoralstandardscommensuratewithhisposition.伟大的领袖Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.wasanAmericanclergyman,activistandaprominentleaderintheAfricanAmericancivilrightsmovementwhostoodupforacolor-blindsociety,actedtoimprovethelotoftheblackpeople,andstruckoutagainstinjustice.AstheyoungestmanawardedNobelPrizeforPeace,MartinLutherKingdedicatedhislifetoloveandjusticebetweenfellowhumanbeingsanddiedinth