搜索
HumanDevelopment第三组1.Whatdoesdevelopmentalpsychologystudy?Describethedefinitionofdevelopmentalpsychologyaccurately.Developmentalpsychologyisasubfieldderivedfromgeneralpsychology,whichdocumentsthecourseandcauseofphysical,social,emotional,moral,andintellectualdevelopmentoveraperson’sspan.2.Whatissperm?Andwhatiszygote?Spermisacellwhichbringgeneticfromthefather.Zygoteisacellcombinefather’sgeneticheritagewithmother’s,anditcangrowintoahuman.3.Inwhichweekdoestheembryooccurafterconception?It’sbeginwiththesecondweek,whentheembryodevelopedintodifferentsections.4.Inwhichstagedobirthdefectsmainlyoccur?Birthdefectsmainlyoccuratthestageofembryo,causeallthebasicphysiologicalstructuresarebeingformed.5.BrieflyintroducePiaget’sviewonthecognitivedevelopmentofchildren.Piagetdivideditinto4pieces.Thefirststageisnamedaftersensorimotor.Inthisstage,childfinddifferentiatesselffromobjects.Andtheyrecognizesselfasagentofactionandbeginstoactintentionally.Atthisage,childachievesobjectpermanence.AtthesecondstageofPiaget’stheory(Pre-operational),childcanlearntouselanguageandtorepresentobjectsbyimagesandwords.Whattheythinkisstillegocentric:havedifficultytakingtheviewpointofothers.Their’scognitionmainlyremainatclassifiesobjectsbyasinglefeature.Concreteoperationalisthethirdstage.Childinthisstagecanthinklogicallyaboutobjectsandevents.Theyachieveconservationofnumber(age6),mass(age7),weight(age9).Classifiesobjectsaccordingtoseveralfeaturesandcanordertheminseriesalongasingledimensionsuchassize.Thelastoneiscalledformaloperational.Inthisstage,childrencanthinklogicallyaboutabstractpropositonsandtesthypothesessystematically.Theybecomeconcernedwiththehypothetical,thefuture,andideologicalproblems.6.Inadolescence，whatmainchangesdoesanindividualhavephysicallyandphysiologcally？Alladolescentsundergosignificantchangesinsize，shape，andphysicalcapacities.Thefirstandmostvisiblesignthatadolescencehasbegunisasuddenspurtinphysicalgrowth，especiallyinheightandweight.Meanwhilesecondarysexcharacteristicsoccur.7.Whatarethesecondarysexualcharacteristicformalesandfemalesinpubescence?Males,throughavoicechange,developfacialhair,andexperiencegreaterskeletalandmusclegrowthintheuppertorso,leadingtobroadershoulders;Femalesexperiencebreastgrowthandawideningofthepelvicbonesplusincreasedfatdepositsinthisarea,resultinginwiderhips.8.Whattroublesdogirlseasilymeet?Whomatureealier?Thefirstoccurrenceofmenstruationcalledmenarche,whicharrivesingirlsatdifferentagesforthedifferentrace.Speakinggenerally,childrenbecomesexuallymatureinthetropicclimatesearlierthaninthetemperateandcoldzone.9.Inwhichadulthooddoesfarsightednesshappeninindividuals?Peoplebecomelesssensitivetolight,lessaccurateatseeingdetails,withappearanceoffarsightedness.10.Whydoindividualsinlateadulthoodbecomeshorterthaninyoungadulthood?Inthelateadulthoodperiod，menshrinkaboutoneinch，andwomenshrinkabouttwoinches,astheirposturechangesandcartilagedisksbetweenthespinalvertebraebecomethinner.1.发展心理学是研究心理发生发展规律的科学，是心理学的一个分支。发展心理学有广义和狭义概念之分。狭义发展心理学就是个体发展心理学。Developmentalpsychologyisthescientificstudyofthepsychologicaldevelopmentofthelaw,whichisabranchofpsychology.Developmentalpsychologyhasbroadandnarrowconceptofthepoints.Narrowdevelopmentalpsychologyistheindividualdevelopmentalpsychology.2.发展心理学研究个体从受精卵开始到出生、成熟直至衰老死亡的生命全程中，心理发生、发展的特点和规律。Developmentalpsychologyresearchesindividualfromzygotetobirth,agingmatureuntilthedeathofthelifecourse,withthepsychologicaloccurrence,characteristicsandlawsofdevelopment.3.有的学者将人的一生分为八个阶段：产前期、婴幼儿期、儿童早期、儿童晚期、青年期、成年期、中年期和老年期。Somescholarsdividehumanlifeintoeightstages:prenatalperiod,infancy,earlychildhood,latechildren,adolescence,adulthood,middleageandoldage.4.人类的遗产主要是依靠人类生殖细胞内的染色体进行的，而染色体内最主要的基本结构是基因，因此基因学和遗传学是紧密相连Heritageofhumanityreliesmainlyonchromosomeinhumanreproductivecells,andthemostimportantbasicstructureisthegenewithinthechromosome,sogenomicsandgeneticsarecloselylinked5.对于在母体中生活满28周而不足37周的新生儿称为早产儿。Forlifeinthemother28weeksandlessthan37weeksiscalledpretermnewbornchildren.6.童年期是从六七岁到十一二岁的时期，已开始进入了小学阶段，此时儿童的生活从以游戏为主导转为以学习为主导childhoodistheperiodfromsixorseventoelevenortwelve,andhasbeguntoentertheprimarystage,atthistimeChildrenbegintolearninsteadofplayinginlife.7.第二性征是性发育的外部表现，是初中生外形变化的另一个重要标志。随着第二性征的出现，初中生已开始从童年的中性状态进入到两性分化的状态Secondarysexcharacteristicsistheexternalmanifestationofthesexdevelopment，it`salsoaimportantsignofchangeoftheshapeofthejuniorhighschoolstudents.Withtheappearanceofsecondarysexualcharacteristics,juniorhighschoolstudentshavebeguntoenterthestateofsexualdifferentiationfromtheneutralstateofchildhood.8.随着科学技术的不断发展，社会经济的不断进步，个体青春发育期普遍存在着提前的趋势，这使青春期的少年身心发展的不平衡性及矛盾性变得愈加突出Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theprogressofsocialeconomy,ThereisaadvancetrendintheIndividualyouthdevelopmentperiod,whichmakespreadolescentsphysicalandmentaldevelopmentimbalancesandcontradictionsbecomemoreprominent9.成年初期，约为18~35岁，是由青年迈向成年的第一个阶段。此时期个体除了发展事业之外，性爱、结婚及婚后生活也自然成为生活的核心部分Earlyadulthood,about18~35yearsofage,isthefirststageofyouthtowardsadulthood.Inadditiontothedevelopmentoftheindividua