心理学专业英语emotion

LessonTwelveEmotions2011.6.15Maincontents•1.TheoriesofEmotion•2.TheExternalExpressionofEmotionfacialexpressionsbodylanguagetouching1、Emotions•Contemporarypsychologistsdefineemotionasacomplexpatternofbodilyandmentalchangesthatincludesphysiologicalarousal,feelings,cognitiveprocesses,andspecificbehavioralreactionsmadeinresponsetoasituationperceivedaspersonallysignificant.•当代心理学家将情绪界定为一种躯体和精神上的复杂的变化模式，包括生理唤醒、感觉、认知过程以及行为反应，这些是对个人知觉到的独特处境的反应。唤醒感觉思想行动回想愉快的场景Paragraph1•Question:•Whatisemotion?•Mostoftime,itreferstopositiveornegtivefeelingsthatareproducedinparticularsituations.TheJames-LangeTheoryTheCannon-BardTheoryThePapezCircuitTheoriesofEmotionCognitiveappraisaltheoriesTheoriesofEmotion•TheJames-LangeTheory（躯体反应的詹姆斯—兰格理论）•Question:•WhatdidJames-Langetheoryproposed？•Thetheoryproposesthattheexperienceofemotionresultsfromtheperceptionofone’sownphysiologicalchanges.•情绪就是对身体变化的知觉。TheCannon-BardTheory坎农—巴德的中枢神经过程理论•DescrivetheCannon-Bardtheory.•Thistheorystatesthatanemotionstimulusproducestwoconcurrentreactions,arousalandexperienceofemotion.•Whenapersonfacesanemotion-arousalevent,nerveimpulsesfirstpassthroughthethalamus.Halfgoestothecerebralcortex,whereitproducesthesubjectiveexperienceoffearorangerorhappiness;theotherhalfgoestothehypothalamus,whichcommandsthebodyphysiologicalchanges.ThePapezCircuit•Emotionisafunctionnotofspecificbrain“centers”butofcircuitry.ThestructuresofPapez’s“circuit”constitutemuchofwhatisnowcalledthelimbicsystem.•大脑边缘皮层、海马、丘脑和下丘脑等结构在情绪体验和情绪表现中具有重要作用。•边缘系统中,从海马经穹窿、乳头体、丘脑前核和扣带回,再回到海马的环路(帕帕兹环路)，对情绪产生有重要作用。Cognitiveappraisaltheoriesofemotion•Theexperienceofemotionisthejointeffectofphysiologicalarousalandcognitiveappraisal.Youappraiseyourphysiologicalarousalinanefforttodiscoverwhatyouarefeeling,whatemotionallabelbestfits,andwhatyourreactionmeansintheparticularsettinginwhichitisbeingexperienced.•情绪的体验是一种生理唤醒和认知评价相结合的状态。你对你的生理唤醒进行评价，来努力决定你的感觉是什么，哪个情绪标签最为合适，以及你的反应意味着哪些特定的体验。Theexternalexpressionofemotion•Facialexpressionsascluestoothers’emotions.•Question:•Whatarethebasicemotions?•Anger,fear,sadness,disgust,happiness,surpriseandcontempt.Howdoescultureconstrainemotionalexpression?•Emotionalexpressioninindividualisticandcollectivistcultures.Bodylanguage•Frequentbodymovement-especiallyonesinwhichaparticularpartofthebodydoessomethingtoanotherpart,suchastouching,scratching,orrubbing,suggestemotionalarousal.•WhatdoesAronoff’sreasearchfound?•Thedangerous,threateningcharacterswouldshowmorediagonalorangularpostures,whilethewarm,sympatheticcharacterswouldshowmoreroundedpostures.Touching•Whatcantouchsuggest?•Touchingcansuggestaffection,sexualinterest,dominance,caring,orevenaggression.Keywords•Motivationalstate动机状态•Controversy辩论•Controversial有争议的•Limbicsystem边缘系统•Lust活力，强烈的性欲•Circuitry电路，线路•Posture姿势，体态•Contempt轻视，轻蔑•Insensitive对……感觉迟钝的•Aversive令人厌恶的•Nonverbal非言语的•Disgust令人厌恶的•Dominance优势，统治•Friendliness友谊，亲密