心理学专业英语基础共113页

ENGLISHFORPSYCHOLOGYLiuYanlouCONTENTSCHAPTERONEWHATISPSYCHOLOGYCHAPTERTWORESEARCHMETHODSCHAPTERTHREECONGNITIVEPSYCHOLOGYCHAPTERFOURDEVELOPMENTALPSYCHOLOGYCHAPTERFIVESOCIALPSYCHOLOGYCHAPTERSIXABNORMALPSYCHOLOGYCHAPTERSEVENSKILLSOFREADINGCHAPTEREIGHTSKILLSOFWRITING»AbstractWriting»WritinginSocialSciences»WritinginNaturalSciencesREADINGS心理学专业英语基础心理学·教育学专业英语改变心理学的40项研究（中文版，英文版）RESOURCES英语字典（牛津，朗文）现代英汉-汉英心理学词汇dictkiChapter1Whatispsychology?Whatispsychology?1.DEFINITIONS2.THEHISTORYOFPSYCHOLOGYWHEREDIDPSYCHOLOGYCOMEFROMWHENDIDPSYCHOLOGYSTARTEDHOWDIDPSYCHOLOGYDEVELOPWhatispsychology?1.DEFINITIONS:ThewordPsychologyisderivedfromtwoGreekroots:Psyche,meaningmindorsoulandLogos,meaningstudyof.Psychology,therefore,literallymeansstudyofthemind.However,amorerecentdefinitionbyAtkinsonetal(1991)suggeststhatpsychologyis:ThescientificstudyofbehaviourandmentalprocessesWhatispsychology?DEFINITIONS:ThewordPsychologyisderivedfromtwoGreekroots:Psyche,meaningmindorsoulandLogos,meaningstudyof.derive:派生roots:词根mind:心灵；精神soul:灵魂；心灵；精神心理学这个单词是由psyche和logos这两个希腊词派生出来的，psyche的意思是心灵或精神，logos的意思是对……研究。Psychology,therefore,literallymeansstudyofthemind.therefore:因此literally:根据字面意思因此，从字面上来讲，心理的意思就是对于心灵(意识)的研究。However,amorerecentdefinitionbyAtkinsonetal(1991)suggeststhatpsychologyis:Thescientificstudyofbehaviourandmentalprocessessuggest:认为，建议，提议然而，Atkinson（1991）等人提出了一个较新的定义，“心理学是对于行为与心理过程的科学研究”。心理学是研究行为和心理过程的科学。Justgivingthissimpledefinition,however,isabitmisleading,sincepsychologistsnowandthroughouttheirhistoryhavenotonlydisagreedaboutthedefinitionofpsychologybuthavealsostronglydisagreedaboutwhatshouldbestudiedinthesubjectandhowitshouldbestudied.然而，仅仅给出这样一个简单的定义，会有一点误导，因为无论是在历史上还是现在，心理学家不仅对于心理学的定义没有达成一致，而且对于在这个学科中应该研究什么以及应该如何研究也存在巨大的分歧。subject:主题，科目misleading:误导的，令人误解的，引入歧途Whatispsychology？2.THEHISTORYOFPSYCHOLOGY标题内容WHEREDIDPSYCHOLOGYCOMEFROM?Psychologydevelopedfromthreemainareasofstudy:PHILOSOPHYBIOLOGYPHYSICSPhilosophy:哲学Biology:生物学Physics:物理学心理学的来源？心理学是从三个主要的研究领域发展而来的：哲学、生物学、物理学。ManyoftheproblemswhichpsychologyhasinvestigatedwerefirstmostclearlyoutlinedbyGreekphilosopherssuchasSocrates,Plato,andAristotleinthe5thcenturyBC.Twomorerencentphilosophicalinfluencesonthedevelopmentofpsychologyasasciencewere:1Empiricism-whicharguedthathumansshouldonlymeasuredatathatisobjectivelyobservable,suchasbehaviour.2Positivism-whicharguedthatthemethodsandprinciplesofscienceshouldbeappliedtohumanbehaviour.PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYManyoftheproblemswhichpsychologyhasinvestigatedwerefirstmostclearlyoutlinedbyGreekphilosopherssuchasSocrates,Plato,andAristotleinthe5thcenturyBC.investigate:调查，研究，探讨outline:概述，提出……的纲要心理学研究的很多问题，是由希腊哲学家最先清晰提出（概要）的。比如说公元前5世纪的Socrates,Plato,andAristotle等。suchas:像，诸如，例如[用于举例]PHILOSOPHYTwomorerecentphilosophicalinfluencesonthedevelopmentofpsychologyasasciencewere:1Empiricism-whicharguedthathumansshouldonlymeasuredatathatisobjectivelyobservable,suchasbehaviour.2Positivism-whicharguedthatthemethodsandprinciplesofscienceshouldbeappliedtohumanbehaviour.当今对于心理学作为科学的发展，对于它的两个哲学性影响是：1经验主义——认为人们只能去测量可以客观观测的数据，比如说行为。2实证主义——认为科学的原理的方法应该被应用于人类行为的研究中。argue:认为，提出……观点，辩论TIPS：•empiricism:thebeliefinbasingyourideasonpracticalexperience.•positivism：akindofPHILOSOPHYthatisbasedonlyonrealfactswhichcanbescientificallyproved,ratherthanonideas.Biologyhastwoimportantinfluences:1Evolution-Darwin'ssuggestionthathumanshaveevolvedfromotheranimals.Thediscoveriesingeneticsthatfollowedfromhisevolutionarytheroyhavehadmanyimportantimplicationsforthestudyandunderstandingofbahaviour.2Physiology-thediscoveries,mostlybythemedicalprofession,ofthestructureandfunctionofthebrain,nervous,andendocrinesystemhavesignificantlycontributedtotheunderstandingofbehaviour.BIOLOGY1Evolution-Darwin'ssuggestionthathumanshaveevolvedfromotheranimals.Thediscoveriesingeneticsthatfollowedfromhisevolutionarytheroyhavehadmanyimportantimplicationsforthestudyandunderstandingofbahaviour.suggestion:建议，意见，观点进化论——Darwin认为人类是从别的动物进化而来的。基因理论（遗传学）是由其理论发展而来的，在基因领域的发现，对于研究和理解行为有重大的影响。implication:含义，影响，（可引申为意义）Evolution:进化论BIOLOGY2Physiology-thediscoveries,mostlybythemedicalprofession,ofthestructureandfunctionofthebrain,nervous,andendocrinesystemhavesignificantlycontributedtotheunderstandingofbehaviour.physiology:生理学medicalprofession:医疗职业生理学领域尤其是医疗行业，对脑，神经，内分泌系统的结构和功能的发现，对于理解行为有重大的贡献。endocrinesystem:内分泌系统significantly:重大地，客观地BIOLOGYAsubjectthatbecauseofitsgreatsuccesshasbeenadoptedastheidealmodelbyscientistinpsychology,whohaveborroweditsscientificmethodsandprinciples.Physicist,suchasFechnerstartedapplyingtheirsubjecttohuamanbehaviourandexperience(psychophysics)inthenineteenthcentury,withsomesuccess.PHYSICSAsubjectthatbecauseofitsgreatsuccesshasbeenadoptedastheidealmodelbyscientistinpsychology,whohaveborroweditsscientificmethodsandprinciples.由于这一学科的巨大成功，在心理学领域的许多科学家借鉴其科学方法和原则，将其作为理想模型。PHYSICSPhysicist,suchasFechnerstartedapplyingtheirsubjecttohuamanbehaviourandexperience(psychophysics)inthenineteenthcentury,withsomesuccess.物理学家，比如说Fechner在19世纪开始将其研究领域开拓到人类行为与经验（领域），取得了一些成功。Fechner在19世纪开创了针对人类的行为与经验