国内外废旧家电回收处理的进展与对策

温俊明,池涌,蒋旭光,罗春鹏,严建华,刘渊源,李晓东(,310027):;,.,,.,,..:环境工程;城市固体废弃物(MSW);废旧家电;回收利用;废物处理:X76:A:1001-7119(2004)02-0133-05ProgressandCountermeasureinRecyclingofWasteHomeAppliancesWENJunming,CHIYong,JIANGXuguang,LuoChunpeng,YANJianhua,LIUYuanyuan,LIXiaodong(CleanEnergyandEnvironmentEngineeringKeyLabofMOE,InstituteforThermalPowerEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China)Abstract:Thewastehomeapplianceshavebecomenewurbanpolluterbecauseofthereplacingofhomeappliances;Ontheotherhand,theyarerecyclableresources.TherecyclingregulationsofwastehomeapplianceshavebeenimplementedinsomedevelopedcountriesandregionssuchasJapan,USAandEuropeanUnion.TheadvancedrecyclingtechnologiesofwastehomeapplianceshavebeendevelopedinsomecountriessuchasJapan.FinlandandGermany,furthermore,therecyclingsystemofwastehomeappliancesinJapanwasintroduceddetailedly.AgreatquantityofwastehomeappliancesareproducedeveryyearinChina,buttherecyclingregulationofwastehomeapplianceshasnotbeenconstitutedandtheadvancedrecyclingtechnologyofwastehomeapplianceshasnotbeendeveloped,accordingly,therecyclingtechnologiesofwastehomeappliancesareinefficientatpresentinChina.BasedontheproductionandtreatmentstatusofwastehomeappliancesinChina,therecyclingcountermeasurewasanalyzedbrieflyintheend.Keywords:environmentengineering;municipalsolidwaste(MSW);wastehomeappliances;recycle;wastetreatment0引言,,,.,.:;:.,.,,..,,第20卷第2期2004年3月科技通报BULLETINOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYVol.20No.2Mar.2004:2003-02-28:,,1979,,,.[1].1家用电器废弃物的潜在环境问题及其回收利用价值1.1,.,.,;,;;;.,,.,,[2~4].1.2,,,[2].,;(CRT)[5].,.,10t,700[6].,900t,,[7].,,97%,86%,76%;40%,90%,74%,.,199575%,10%[1].2国外家用电器废弃物处理政策及技术2.1,,,.,,.19986,200141.,,.:4,,.50%,55%,60%.,,,,,,.,,,.,:,,;,..[8].,199575%.19968,18,;,,.,,134科技通报第20卷19931115;80%~90%;;;[9].600,.,.20015.:90%.,70%.,;2006[10].,,[11].2.2,.,.1995,19983,1998.35/h;25/h;27/h;17/h.,..,.4(1),.,.,,,,,..,.,.1.1Fig.1Therecycleflowdiagramoftelevision(2),.,.,,,.2.2Fig.2Therecycleflowdiagramofairconditioner(3),.,.,,1200,.3.第2期温俊明等.国内外废旧家电回收处理的进展与对策1353Fig.3Therecycleflowdiagramofrefrigerator(4),,,.4[12].4Fig.4Therecycleflowdiagramofwashingmachine20012.,,.1500~2000t,,[10].,10501500t[13].3国内家电废弃物的产生及处理情况3.1,,.2080,,.15,[14].,30202010[15].1997,7050705050[16].,3.5,1.7,1.3.2080,10~15,2003,400,500,,1500[17,18].3.2,.,,.,.,,,,.,,.,,,,,.,,;,,.,136科技通报第20卷,.,..,,,,.,,.,,.,.,85%,[2].4结束语,,.,,,,,,,,[1,19].,:,,;,,.,.致谢:感谢浙江省经贸委资源节约与综合利用处在整个课题研究过程中的配合与协助以及经费上的支持.:[1],.[J].,1999(6):25-27.[2],.[J].,2000(8):2-3.[3].[J].,2000(3):32-33.[4],.[J].,2001(6):18-21.[5],.[J].,1999(6):27-28.[6].-[J].(),1999(3):3-4.[7][J].,2001(2):39.[8][J].,2001(5):20.[9],.()[J].,2000(1):16-17.[10].[N].(19874),2002-3-25(4).[11].[J].,1999(6):31-33.[12].[J].,1999(4)5-6.[13],,.,[J].,1999(5):129-130.[14].[J].,1999(6):24-25.[15].[N].(19040),2001-08-08(1).[16]LiHsingShih.ReverselogisticssystemplanningforrecyclingelectricalapplianceandcomputersinTaiwan[J].Resources,ConservationandRecycling,2001,32:55-72.[17].[J].,2002(1):40-41.[18].[N].(5505),2001-10-10(9).[19](19951030)[S].第2期温俊明等.国内外废旧家电回收处理的进展与对策137