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BR_AnEnglishSong_mainBackgroundInformationAutomobileIndustryGlobalPositioningSystemIntelligentTransportationSystemBR_AutomobileIndustry1AutomobileIndustryTheautomobileindustryisoneofthemostimportantindustriesintheworld,affectingnotonlyeconomiesbutalsocultures.Itprovidesjobsformillionsofpeople,generatesbillionsofdollarsinworldwiderevenues,andprovidesthebasisforamultitudeofrelatedserviceandsupportindustries.Automobilesrevolutionizedtransportationinthe20thcentury,changingforeverthewaypeoplelive,travel,anddobusiness.Between1886and1898,about300automobileswerebuilt,buttherewasnorealestablishedindustry.Acenturylater,withautomakersandautobuyersexpandingglobally,automakingbecametheworld’slargestmanufacturingactivity,withmorethan53millionnewvehiclesbuilteachyearworldwide.Automobilemanufacturersareamongthelargestcompaniesintheworld.Thesecorporationsareoftenmultinational.Thesecompaniesoftenshareparts,orusepartsmadeinforeignfactories.TheU.S.automobileindustryproduced16.8millionvehiclesin1999.ThethreemajorautomobilemanufacturersintheUnitedStates—GeneralMotorsCorporation,FordMotorCompany,andDaimlerChryslerAG—providethreefourthsoftheindustry’stotaldirectemploymentintheUnitedStates.BR_AutomobileIndustry2BR_GlobalPositioningSystem1GlobalPositioningSystemGlobalPositioningSystemisaspace-basedradio-navigationsystem,consistingof24satellitesandgroundsupport.GPSprovidesuserswithaccurateinformationabouttheirpositionandvelocity,aswellasthetime,anywhereintheworldandinallweatherconditions.GPSdetermineslocationbycomputingthedifferencebetweenthetimethatasignalissentandthetimeitisreceived.GPSsatellitescarryatomicclocksthatprovideextremelyaccuratetime.AsofMarch1994,24GPSsatelliteswereinoperation.Replenishment(补给)satellitesarereadyforlaunch,andcontractshavebeenawardedtoprovidesatellitesintothe21stcentury.GPSapplicationscontinuetogrowinland,sea,air,andspacenavigation.TheabilitytoenhancesafetyandtodecreasefuelconsumptionwillmakeGPSanimportantcomponentoftravelintheinternationalairspacesystem.AirplaneswilluseGPSforlandingatfogbound(为浓雾所困的)airports.AutomobileswilluseGPSaspartofintelligenttransportationsystems.EmergingtechnologieswillenableGPStodeterminenotonlythepositionofavehiclebutalsoitsaltitude.BR_GlobalPositioningSystem2problems.Forexample,usingadvancedsurveillance(监视)systems,theearlystagesofatrafficbottlenecksituationcanbedetected,andtrafficcanthenbedirectedtootherroutestomitigate(减轻)thecongestionandtoprovidefasterandmoreefficientroutesfortravelers.NewtechnologiesenablethistypeofsurveillanceandguidanceBR_IntelligentTransportationSystem1IntelligentTransportationSystemIntelligentTransportationSystems(ITS)referstotransportationsystemswhichapplyemerginghardandsoftinformationsystemstechnologiestoaddressandalleviate(缓解)transportationcongestionresponsetooccurinrealtime,andtherefore,toallowpotentialcongestionsituationstobeaddressedbeforetheydevelopintoserioustrafficjams.BR_IntelligentTransportationSystem2GR_mainPartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstandingTrueorFalseGR_TrueorFalse1TrueorFalse1.Therearesomanypeoplekilledinthecaraccidentsthatcaraccidentsreportscanbefoundinnewspapernearlyeveryday.FThenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon’tevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspaperanymore.()ScanTextAanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.2.Asmartcarcanalertthedriverifhebecomesdrowsy.T()GR_TrueorFalse23.Thecomputerinthecarwilltotallyeliminatethecasesofgettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.FThecomputercanhaveapositiveimpactontheseproblems,butitisunlikelytocurethem.()GR_TrueorFalse34.Thecomputerinthecarsendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyasatellite.FThesatellitesendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverinacar’scomputer.()5.Byestablishingtherelationbetweentherotationsinthesteeringwheelandthecar’spositiononamap,thecomputercantelluswherethecaris.T()GR_PartDivisionoftheText1PartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~9Newtechnologywillhaveadramaticimpactoncarsandhighwaysinthe21stcentury.Withtheaidofadvancedtechnology,smartcarswillbesodesignedthattheycanhelpeliminatetrafficaccidents,determinetheirownpreciselocationsandwarnoftrafficjams.GR_PartDivisionoftheText2PartsPara(s)MainIdeasGPSand“telematics”willmakeitpossibletobuildsmarthighways,whichwillbenefitusinmorethanoneway.10~133GR_AnswertheQuestions1.AnswertheQuestionsHowimportantwastheautomobileindustryinthe20thcentury?2.3.Didtheautomobileindustrychangealotinthelastseventyyears?Whatwillhappentocarsandroadsinthe21stcentury?4.Whydoestheauthorsaythekeytotomorrow’s“smartcars”willbesensors?GR_TextAnalysisTextAnalysisInthispart,theauthorliststhefeaturesofsmartcars.Canyousummarizethesefeatures?Tips:Smartcarscaneliminatemostcaraccidents.Smartcarscanalertthepoliceandprovidepreciselocationifstolen.Smartcarscanmonitorone’sdrivingandthedrivingconditionsnearby.Smartcarscanalertthesleepydriver.Smartcarscanlocateyourcarpreciselyandwarnoftrafficjams.1.2.3.4.5.DR_Sentence1_Salesofthe…Howdoyouunderstandtheword“stand”?“Stand”isusedtoshowaparticularleveloramount.Forexample:Inf