搜索
4Unit3Languageinuse.•Tosummariseandconsolidatetheuseofthepresentperfecttensetogetherwithsinceandfor•Tobeabletounderstandlearningmaterialsonhealth•TobeabletocarryoutasurveyonhealthylivingwiththehelpofothersTeachingaims•Ihaven’tdonemuchexercisesinceIgotmycomputerlastyear.•Ihavehadhimforthreemonthsnow.•Sincethen,ithasbecomepartofmylife.现在完成时（三）当表示动作已经充成并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在充成时。同时，可分别用just,already或yet加以强调或说明。其结构也是：have/has+动词的过去分词.常用的时间状语有:already,just,一般置于have/has之后，用于肯定句中；在否定句中则要用yet表示“还，未”。Grammarfor和since在现在完成时中的应用for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：（1）for后须接“时间段”HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他学英语5年了。（2）since后须接“时间点”HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.他从1999年开始学英语。（3）二者可以转换for+一段时间=since+一段时间+agoHehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.他到这儿已经有五个星期了。如：HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。(4)since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。（5）现在完成时常用句型：①Itis(hasbeen)+时间段+since+时间状语或从句ItisfourdayssincelastFriday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimcametoBeijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。②Thisisthefirst(second…)timethat+从句句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如：ThisisthefirsttimethatJennyandDannyhavebeentoChina.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。ThisisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenKaren.这是我第三次见到Karen。（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。如:Ihaveboughtthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(×)Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(√)Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.(√)Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.(√)实义动词分为:1)瞬间动词2)延续动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleave瞬间动词持续动作状态diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykept/hadbeawaybein…beon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedead含有for、since的现在完成时，要是有瞬间动词，要把它变成持续动作状态非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havebegin/start—beondie—bedeadfinish---beoveropensth—keepsthopenfallill—beillgetup—beup,comehere—behere,join—beon+组织机构/beamemberof+组织机构,gothere—bethere,become—be,comeback—beback,fallasleep—beasleep,getto/arrive/reach—be(in),leave—beawayfrom,gettoknow—know,go(get)out—tieout，puton—wear,catchacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried等。1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Hisgrandpahasdiedfor2years.Nickhasjoinedthearmyfor3years.HehasleftShenzhenforalongtime.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor4months.XXXX注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.hasbeendeadfor2years.hasbeeninthearmyfor3years.hasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.havekeptthebookfor4months.（7）二者引出的时间状语往往用howlong提问。—Howlonghaveyouhadthisbook?这本书你买多久了?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.买一周了。—Howlonghaveyouhadyourbike?—I’vehaditforabouttwoyears.1.Howlonghaveyoustudiedatthisschool?2.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?3.Howlonghaveyouknownyourbestfriend?4.Howlonghaveyoulivedinthisplace5.Howlonghaveyouusedthisbook?1.Workinpairs.Askandanswerthequestions.2.Completethequestionnaireabouthealthyliving.Usesinceorforwherenecessary.HealthyLivingQuestionnaire1.Whatkindofexercisedoyoudo?_______________________________2.Howlonghaveyoudonethiskindofexercise?_________________________________________________________________________IwalktoschoolandIplayfootball.IhavewalkedtoschoolsinceIwassixandIhaveplayedfootballforthreeyears.3.Doyouplayinaschoolsportsteam?__________4.Ifyes,howlonghaveyouplayedintheteam?_________________________________________________5.Doyouhaveahealthydiet?_________6.Ifyes,whendidyoustarthavingahealthydiet?_________________________________________________Yes,Ido.Ihaveplayedintheschoolfootballteamforayear.Yes,Ido.IhavehadahealthydietforyearssinceIwaslittle.1—Ifellilltwodaysago.—Soyou’ve______illfortwodays?—That’sright.2—Isawthedoctorthreedaysago.—Soyouhaven’t_______herinthelastthreedays?3.Completethesentences.beenseen3—I’llwalktoschoolforthefirsttimetomorrow.—Soyou'venever________toschoolbefore?4—Icameintohospitaltwodaysago.—Soyou’vealready_______inhospitalfortwodays?5—Howlong______you______aheadache?—Oh,itbeganabouttwohoursago.walkedbeenhavehadForalongtimeJohndidnotfeel(1)_____.Heoftenhad(2)_______andcolds.Hewenttoseeadoctor.Thedoctortoldhimtotakemore(3)________andstopeating(4)_________.4.Completethepassagewiththewordsandexpressionsinthebox.coldcoughsexercisefastfoodstomachacheweakwellwellcoughsexercisefastfoodSohestartedridingabiketoschool.Atfirst,hefelttiredand(5)_______.Thenhegotfitterandstartedenjoyingit.Sincehestartedridingabike,hehasnothada(n)(6)______andhehasnothada(n)(7)_____________sincehestoppedeatingfastfood.weakcoldstomachacheDoctor:(1)_________________Bill:Well,I’vegotapaininmyback.Doctor:(2)______________________________Bill:Forabouttwoweeks.5.Completetheconversationwiththesentencesinthebox.CanIhelpyou?Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?That'sit.What’swrongwithme?CanIhelpyou?Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?Doctor:Letmehavealook.Wheredoyouwork?Bill:Iworkinanoffice.Doctor:Doyouplaycomputergames?Bill:Yes,alot.Iusuallyplaycomputergameslateatnight.Doctor:(3)____________Bill:(4)______________________That'sit.What’swrongwithme?Doctor:Well,youspendtoomuchtimeinfrontofthecomputer.Bill:WhatcanIdo?Doctor:Standupanddosomeexercisefromtimetotime.Don’tplaycomputergamestoomuch.Nowworkinpairs.Readouttheconversation.WhatcanIdo?Iwouldliketotakemoreexercise,butIhavenotfoundafavouri