王菲----非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词，是高二模块五的重要语法知识点，是一个系统性，综合性很强的语言点。是高考的必考点每年高考在单项选择题中会考到一到两题（占高考单选比1/15—2/15)要求学生具备一定的理解能力和句子分析能力，扎实而丰富的动词知识基本情况：高二学生，性格外向，英语基础较差学习优点：接受能力较好（所以对于此知识点理解上接受非常容易）学习缺点：对英语不感兴趣，不爱读背，英语词汇缺乏。在学非谓语动词时最大的障碍就是句子成分的分析针对方案：系统传授，反复强调，因材施教，投其所需学情分析教学目标•知识目标：掌握非谓语动词的相关知识•能力目标：综合灵活运用与答题•情感目标：提高英语学习热情•1.复习非谓动词的形式及引伸，非谓语动词句法功能•3非谓语动词作状语•4习题巩固•5学生主观总结，习题客观反馈，教师二合一反思非谓语动词Ing形式不定式过去分词现在分词动名词ing的结构与逻辑主语的关系主动被动与谓语动词发生的先后关系一般式doingBeingdone同时完成式Havingdonehavingbeendone之前动词不定式的结构与逻辑主语的关系主动被动与谓语动词发生的先后关系一般式todotobedone之后完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone之前进行式tobedoing同时完成进行式tohavebeendoing过去已开始,还在进行作用种类主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式Ing形式过去分词种类与作用1．不定式作主语：1)changethefollowingintotheinfinitive1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)istobelieve.5.______(sit)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.2)changethesentencesaboveintotheonesusing“it”asformsubject.3)A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.ing作主语A)1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)isbelieving.5.______(sit)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.It作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型常用动名词：Itis+nogood(nouse,fun,awasteoftime)+doing…Thereisno+doing….如：1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.动名词复合结构的一般规则是：作主语时，用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpected.IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.1.ing作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis______(bite)nails.动名词作表语与主语是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。2.ing(分词)作表语时：.1.Thenewsisencouraging.（表主语的性质，特征）2.Theglassisbroken.(表主语所在的状态）TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）3.Thesituationis______(encourage).4.Thelibraryis______(close)now.5.Ifyouarebadly____(hurt),youshouldn’ttrytostandup3.不定式作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Sheseemed______(think)abouttheproblem.4.Theyappeared_____(agree)withwhatwesaid.不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.1．不定式作宾语：A有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,hope,wish,expect;like,hate;start,begin;fail,help,offer,try,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,agree,plan,determine,prefer,intend,etc.1.Theywanted______(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。think,find,feel,consider,make…HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except，besides等后才行，此时不定式可带to或不带to。Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside.Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp.cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut,cannotbut[例2]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，古表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成thepurposeisto…notto…do[例3]NMET2000第19题I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…2．动名词作宾语Amind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escape,consider,admit，advise,appreciate=enjoy,avoid,finish,face,practise,suggest,stop,delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,risk,understand,以及介词后接动名词doinggiveup,insiston,lookforwardto,itis(no)good(use,harm),objectto，getdownto,devoteoneselfto,spend…doing,prevent…(from)…,waste…doing,have(no)difficulty(in)doing,stickto,keep…from,stop…from动名词与不定式作宾语的不同含义：1)beafraidtodo不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事beafraidofdoing担心、恐怕出现Shewasafraid______(wake)herhusbandup,forhehadbadtemper.Shewasafraid______(wake)herhusband,forhewasill.2)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事（已做）Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_______(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot______(turn)itoff.3)remembertodosth.记着去做某事（未做rememberdoingsth.记着做了某事（已做）Doyouremember______(meet)meatapartylastyear?Youmustremember______(leave)tomorrow.4)regrettodosth.遗憾地说/告诉…regretdoingsth.后悔做了…Iregret_____(go)tohishometown.Iregret_____(tell)youthetruth5)stoptodosth.Goontodosthstopdoingsth.Goondoingsth6)trytodosth.trydoingsth.Youmusttr