English and Chinese languages the different metaph

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Indailylife,peoplegenerallycan'tequatewithanimals,butlanguageyetmanyborrowthecharacteristicsofanimalstodescribepeople'scharacteristicsofwords.Itisworthnoting,thefigurativeexpressionsoftenbecauseoflanguage,culture,differentandhavedifferentmeaning.Below,wecomparethesameanimalnounsinEnglishandChineselanguagesthedifferentmetaphor.1.Thecat(cat)Commonsayingsaysacathasninelives,thisisChineseview.Besides,ChineseoftencalledasgreedyChanMao.Catinthewestispeoplefavorthings(pet),butiscurious,inEnglishslang,catmeaningforaspitefulorunpleasant'(carefullymaliceorsickwoman).Fromthispointofview,seemtobeChina'scatamiable,westerncatabhorrent.2.Dog(dog)InEnglishtheimageofdoggenerallynotbad,canoftenreferringtopersonal.Astheproverb:thedog/.(hislanguage,Everydoghashisday.Andlike:agaydog(gayman,funpeople).Butpoordogalsohaveimage.Suchas:eatdogeatdog(noteprototype),meanspeoplesincephasedehumanized;Similarly,adoginthemangeryumanger.InChinese,althoughthedoginsomeplacesforpets,butalsotheimageofdogelegant,sodon'talwaysusedtomeanpersoncontainsderogatorysense.Suchasdog-eat-dogtype,bulldog,runningdogs,they,LaPiGou,etc.3.Red(pig)Redistheworstreceivedtreatment,peoplealwayseatingpork(pork),whileanothertopigsparring.InChinese,thepigsetlazy,stupid,chanatasuit,takethisexplainsthemeaningofpeoplewithvirulent,itsexpressionstoenumerate.TheBritisharealsogivetheimagewithuglyred.Agreedy,redmeansadirtyorbad-by(greed,dirtymanneredornomanners).NotethatlastmeantappearsnotintoChinese.4.Rat(rat)InChineseShuDuJiChangcowardice,short-sighted,andShuBeiwordsareterrible,ofzobah,humbleandpettymeaning,suchasvisiblemouseinChineselanguagesimplynothing.Asslang,EnglishmetaphorratreferstopersonwasnotconsistentwithChinese,butalsocontainsaderogatory:aratnamelyselfishly(bythewhobehavesaselfishman)orbythewhoisdisloyal(infidelity).5.Ass(ass)TheChineselanguageisdumbasssay,usedinreferencetoaperson,theexpressionfool,stupidmeaning.EnglishwithChineseatthispointhavesimilaritiesbetween:anassforafoolishmeansby(fool),tautologyappearsdonkey,buttherearecommonlyusedtorefertochildren.6.Bear(bear)InChinesemind,theimageisusuallybearbehaviorslow,thushastheDaiShacondition;Referstopersonoftenhavethebearkind;Currentlydescribestockmarketdownturnhavecalledbearmarket.ButEnglishbearreferstoperson,withbadtemperedisabad-mannered-orbythepeople,reckless(vulgarpeople);Anotheridiomsbelikeabearwithasoreheadsaysgrumpy.7.Lion(lion)Thekingofbeastslionsinthewestcultureabitisthesame,namelybrave,takethisyuperson,theChineselanguageisfiercelion;Englishalsohaveidiomsasbraveasalion.InEnglish,alionalsousedtorefertocelebrities,socialoccasionspet.8.(rabbit)wasRabbitinChineseheartcomplex,hasgoodisimageside,suchasformsuchasTuoTu(yushortcut);Alsodirectsside,suchaspoormousethathasonlyonehole,rabbitstaillongnot.Thelatterusedtodescribepersonrespectivelysuggestedthatcraftyanddifficulttolastingmeaning.PeopleinBritain,wasontheimagenorbeauty.Butreferstoperson,withChinesemetaphortakendifferent:ameaningawasagoldmineplaysbythewhobadly(crappyplayer-especiallyatennisplayer);AndChinarabbitisdifferent,westwasanappearappeartimid.文化内涵英汉词语中动物名词及其文化内涵摘要:语言的形成是在不同的历史、地理环境和文化背景下实现的,承载着一定的民族文化特色和文化信息,与文化传统紧密相连,不可分割,英、汉两种语言历史悠久,包含着大量的习语、俗语。由于历史、社会生活等方面的影响,英汉习语体现了中西文化异同,这些异同典型地体现在英汉动物名词上。通过分析动物名词在两中文化中的内涵可以使我们充分地认识和了解两种语言和文化。关键词:英语,汉语,动物名称,Abstract:metaphorplaystheroleofvisualizinginwritingorspeaking.InbothChineseandEnglishlanguage,therearemanymetaphorsofnounsofanimals.Thesemetaphorsmaketheexpressionpregnant,livelyandamusing.Becauseofdifferentculturalbackground,themetaphorofthesameanimaldiffersindifferentlanguage.Thisreflectsdistinguishingnationalculturalfeatures.Keywords:English;Chinese;nounsofanimals;culturalsimilaritiesanddifferences语言是社会的产物,文化的载体,也是文化的重要组成部分。任何语言都是某种文化的反映,因而有其深刻的文化内涵。作为语言组成的一部分,词汇的产生、发展和词义演变都与其社会历史和文化背景分不开。早在1987年,许国璋先生就提出了culture-loadedwords的说法,它是指赋有语言本族文化具体指称意义和内涵意义的词。在特定的文化背景下,在词汇的使用过程中则出现了该语言的民族特点和文化特征,这些特征就形成了词语的文化意义或内涵。这种文化内涵既包含了社会背景文化赋予词汇的附加意义和引申意义,又包含着特定文化群体对该词所指事物所拥有的感情和所持态度。千百年来,动物与人类一直在地球上朝夕相处,人类在与之共处的漫长岁月中对它们或喜爱,或厌恶,或恐惧。这使得动物名称词的文化伴随意义随之产生,并具有一定的褒贬倾向。本文就一部分动物名词在英汉两种语言中蕴涵着的文化内涵及其喻意作简单的对比和探讨。一、化褒贬倾向相同的动物名词1.rat鼠老鼠,俗称耗子,经常偷吃粮食或咬坏衣物,也能传播鼠疫,因而在世人眼里是害人的东西,是令人讨厌的动物。反映在语言当中,凡是与鼠有关的词语也就自然具有贬义色彩。“鼠窃狗盗”说的是小偷小摸的行为;“鼠目寸光”比喻目光短浅,没有远见;“抱头鼠窜”形容受到打击后狼狈逃跑的样子;“社鼠城狐”指的是那些依附权势作恶,一时难以驱除的小人;“贼眉鼠眼”、“鼠头獐目”、“胆小如鼠”、“无名鼠辈”、“鼠肚鸡肠”等词都表现出老鼠的卑微、猥琐,“老鼠过街,人人喊打”更说明老鼠是个多么可恶的家伙了。有趣的是,英语语言中老鼠的形象也不见佳。在英美国家,说某人是rat,那是骂人。因为rat喻指“背信弃义的人”,如:Butyoupromisedtohelpus,yourat!(可是你答应过帮我们的,你这个背信弃义的家伙。)英语中rat也有“内奸”、“工贼”、“叛徒”、“告密者”之意,而在美国俚语中rat则是“下流的女人”的代名词。Rat构成的习语、词组有很多,这些习语、词组的内涵意义亦以贬抑为主:ratrace(为社会地位所做的寡廉鲜耻、卑鄙的竞争),likearatinahole(像瓮中之鳖),dielikearat(被毒死),smellarat(感到事情不妙),haveratinthegarret(疯疯癫癫),raton(背弃、出卖某人),ratout(临阵脱逃),asdrunkasamouse(烂醉),aspoorasachurchmouse(一贫如洗)。由此可见类对老鼠以及一切害人的东西的憎恶和鄙视心理是相同的。2.tiger(虎)与lion(狮)在中西文化中,虎、狮被当作勇猛威武的象征。对英国人和大部分西方人来说,狮子是“百兽之王”,或曰“森林之王”。如英语中regalasalion狮子般庄严、majesticasalion像狮子一样雄伟、asbraveasalion勇猛如狮等成语中可以看出,狮子享有很高的声誉。英国甚至自诩为“theBritishLion”,而“twistthelion’stail”更用来指美国政治家的言论触犯英国。英国历史上享有“theLion-heartedKing”(狮心王)之誉的理查德一世,是因其勇武善战,而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