NounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause(同位语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词,因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句ObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语(简单句)主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句(复合句)句子做宾语就是宾语从句,跟在及物动词或介词后句子结构:主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句。ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):从属连词(不作成分)连接代词(作成分)连接副词(作状语)what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why一、连词(引导词)1.that(1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略:(1)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个that不能省;(2)当that从句作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。(3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。3.在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等)作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时时,由连词whether或if引导,“是否”,不能省略。(1).Lilywantedtoknowhergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Let’sseewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedmeshecouldborrowthesebooks.2.whether//ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whether注意whether和if的使用区别:1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher_________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时,由疑问词(what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等)引导,因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。Doyouknowhesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwearrived.IaskedhimIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewehavetosee.whatwhenwherewho/whom二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定,(包括一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)。Iknowhehere.(live)Iknowheheretenyearsago.(live)liveslived2.如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)Iknewwhohere.(live)Isawshehermother.(talk)Hesaidthathe____________it.(see)livedwouldcomebackhadseen3.当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheeartharoundthesun.(travel)travels三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?1Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?1Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.2Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.√√1.WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.注意:it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.*________________________(我们觉得很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.WethinkitstrangethatFillintheblankswithsuitableconjunctions.1.---Canyoutellme_____themanis?---Heismybrother.2.Ididn'tknow_____hewascominguntilyesterday.3.Thedoctorasks____medicineyouhavetaken.whowhenwhat1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDSubjectClauses主语从句ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):从属连词(不作成分)连接代词(作成分)连接副词(作状语)what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,when,where,how,why1.————————————iscertain.(我们将迟到了)2.________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.________________________isapity(你错过了这次机会)ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二whether是否,表不确定的事情.引导词Thatweshallbelate————————hurtshimsomuch.(她离开他)一.that_---只起引导作用,不充当成分,但不能省略。没有意义。1).Thatshelefthim__________________________isnoteasytosay(他是否会来这)2)Whetherhewillcomehere(Ifhewillcomehere...)×3)_____________ismorepractice.(我们所需要的)what在从句中作主语。4)————————————————isunderdiscussion.When在从句中作状语WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting“if”不能引导主语从句三。其他疑问词注意一:主语从句后置!为了避句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisroun