名词性从句之宾语从句及表语从句[1]

NounClauses名词性从句Learningaims:1.Knowsomethingaboutnounclauses.2.Knowhowtousetheobjectandthepredicative.在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,whyObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）做宾语的句子叫做宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词以及形容人的感觉的形容词后句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。语序：陈述语序Theobjectclausesfoundinthetext1.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.2.Iwonder,Mr.Adams,ifyouwouldmindusaskingafewquestions.3.Mayweaskwhatyouaredoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?4.Well,Ican’tsaythatIhaveanyplans.5.Hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrothers’dinneronthetable.6.Ididn’tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.7.Iamafraid(that)Idon’tquitefollowyou,sir.8.Tellus,Mr.Adams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerican?9.Ifyoudon’tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave?10.Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke,Idon’tthink(that)it’sveryfunny.11.Nowifyou‘llexcuseme,Ithink(that)I’llbeonmyway.12.Youmustn’tthink(that)wedon’tcareaboutyou.13.Weknow(that)youarehard-working.14.Whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?一、连词（引导词）1.that1)当宾语从句由连词that引导，由于that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Isee(that)it’stwoo’clock.Doyouthink(that)it’sgenuine?2)宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that不可以省略。（2）当that在从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语that引导的宾语从句中that不能省。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.3)在主句为系动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。(1).Lilywantedtoknowhergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Let’sseewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedmeshecouldborrowthesebooks.2.Whether/ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whether1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但是：a).当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.注意whether和if的使用区别:Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。Doyouknow------hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember-------wearrived.Iaskedhim-------------------------Icouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellme--------------wewillsee.Doyouknowtimetheplaneleaves?whatwhenhow/when/why/wherewho\whomwhatwhen1.WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.注意1：it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.*________________________(我们觉得很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Wethinkitstrangethat注意2：在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式。Idon’tthinkyouareright．Ithinkyouarenotright.注意3：在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，或用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。一Doyoubelieveitwillrain?一Ibelieveso.Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)（正确）二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。Iknowhe--------here.(live)Iknowhe--------heretenyearsago.(live)Ihaveheardthathe-------------tomorrow.(come)liveslivedwillcome2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwho---------here.(live)Isawshe---------------------hermother.(talk)Heaskedwhetherhisfather___________tomorrow.(comeback)Hesaidthathe______it.(see)livedwastalkingwithhadseenwouldcomeback3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearth----------aroundthesun.（travel）1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howcouldIgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBDPredicativeClauses表语从句表语从句PredictiveClause1.That引导的表语从句2.Wh-引导的表语从句3.Whether引导的表语从句3.Because引导的表语从句从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why.because表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem表语从句*Thequestioniswecanrelyonhim.*That’swewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.*That’swe’vegivenyoutheletter.*That’sIwaslate.*ThefactisIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand.*Helookedhewasgoingtocry.whetherbecauseasifwhythatwhy1.that引导的表语从句连接词t