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思茅一中图书馆思茅一中祭孔仪式思茅一中图书馆思茅一中祭孔仪式思茅一中图书馆思茅一中祭孔仪式思茅一中图书馆思茅一中祭孔仪式杨志明灵感勤奋成功路I.基本知识：独立主格结构是由名词或代词加非谓语动词、形容词等构成的一种结构，用于修饰整个句子。其名词或代词与其后的非谓语动词、形容词等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。独立主格结构的类型：1.非谓语动词独立主格结构2.无动词独立主格结构3.with复合结构独立主格结构的用法特点：常置于句首或句末，与句子之间不能使用任何连接词，主要用作状语；with复合结构也可用作定语。一般式todo…tobedonedoing…beingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done主动被动1.非谓语动词独立主格结构Ⅱ.学习体会与归纳n.pron.+non-infinitiveHisfriendstocometonight,hehisbesttopreparethedinner.Weourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.istrying谓语动词之后redoubled与谓语动词同时在进行Thelastbushavinggone,wehome.hadtowalk谓语动词之前doing/havingdone/todo的异同与谓语动词动作的时间关系逻辑主谓关系doinghavingdonetodo与谓语同时谓语之前谓语发生时尚未发生主动主动主动主动Thetestfinished,we’llhaveoursummervocation.Thefoodtobecooked,thepanwasputoverthefire.因为要做饭，锅放在了火上。谓语动作发生时尚未发生被动Thefoodbeingcooked,Jim’smotherwaslisteningtomusic.两个动作同时进行被动Thefoodhavingbeencooked,Jim’smotherlistenedtomusic.杰姆的妈妈一边做饭，一边听音乐。在谓语动作之前发生被动杰姆的妈妈做好了饭以后，听了音乐。被动在谓语动作之前发生考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。tobedone/beingdone/(havingbeen)done的异同与谓语动词动作的时间关系逻辑主谓关系tobedonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone与谓语同时谓语之前(=done)谓语发生时尚未发生被动谓语之前Manytreesandflowerstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookmorebeautiful.Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstosettle.被动特别提示：“n./pron.+不定式”的独立主格结构中，如果n./pron.为不定式动作的承受者，且句子主语为不定式动作的执行者时，通常不定式要用主动式，否则不定式要用被动式。被动式主动式被动2.无动词独立主格结构n.pron.+(being)+predicativen.adj.adv.prep-phrase此结构常被看作是“名词/代词+being+表语”省略了being的结构。Tenstudentsenteredforthecompetition,theyoungestbeingaboyof12.十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。Thelittlegirlenteredtheroom,herfacebeingredwithcold.小女孩走进了房间，她的脸冻得通红。Schoolbeingover,weallwenthome.放学后，我们都回家去了。Heisstandinginfrontoftheblackboard,hisbackbeingtowardsus.他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。IreceivedmanyChristmasgifts,someofthembooks.Heturnedtome,hiseyessleepy.Themusicon,Ican’tfocusmymindonthework.Thenewteachercamein,asmileonherface.注:在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子简洁，往往将“逻辑主语+介词短语”中的冠词或代词都省略。Theguardstoodbythedoor,guninhand.注意：being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略：1)“Therebeing+名词”结构中：Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。2)逻辑主语为代词时：ItbeingSunday,alltheofficesareclosed.因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。Therebeingalotofworktodo,Ican’tgowithyou.Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.Itbeingfine,wewillhavethesportsmeetingnextweek.todo…doingdonen.adj.adv.prep-phrase3.with复合结构前述的“n./pron.+非谓语动词”和“n./pron.+(being)表语“两种独立主格结构中，大多可在其前加上介词with，这就形成了with复合结构。withwithout+O+OCWithsomuchworktodo,Idon’tknowifI’llhavetimetogoout.Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.Withhishomeworkfinished,hewenttoseeafilm.Theoldmanlivesalonewiththedoghisonlycompanion.Hestoodintherain,withhisclotheswet.WithJohnaway,we’vegotmoreroom.Vincentsatatthedesk,withapeninhismouth.Ⅲ.高考试题体验1.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_______.(2012新课标全国卷28)A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permitA.2.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog____________them.(2012辽宁卷25)A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.followsB.3.Batsaresurprisinglong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江卷3)A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohaveA.4.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_______,hegladlyacceptedit.(2007安徽)A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinishedA.5.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_____fortheday.(2007重庆卷25)A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinishedB.6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_______attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched(2007年山东卷13)B.7.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.(2007福建)—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilledB.8.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise________.(2005北京)A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonA.9.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest____________inayear.(2005湖南34)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowedC.Ⅳ.巩固练习1.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof______beingforeigners.2.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_____wereforeigners.3.ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_____wereforeigners.A.whoB.themC.whomD.thatB.独立主格结构C.B.非限制性定语从句and连接并列句要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间可用逗号分开，但不能使用任何连接词。4.Fathercamehome,_________.Whichiswrong?A.adogfollowinghimB.followedbyadogC.beingfollowedbyadogD.adogfollowedhimD.5.______moretime,heissuretofinishhistestpaper.Whichiswrong?A.IfhegivesB.GivenC.IfgivenD.IfheisgivenA.6._______arainyday,allthefarmershadtostayinside.A.ItbeingB.BeingC.ItwasD.TherewasA.7.There_______nothingmoretodo,Mr.Goodmanleftforhome.A.wasB.beingC.tobeD.hasbeenB.8.Thediningroomiscleanandtidy,withatablealready_____forabigmeal.A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaidA.9.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof____translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatB.10.Withprices______goingup,itissometimesdifficultforustomakeendsmeetonoursmallincome.A.keptB.keepingC.tokeepD.beingkeptB.11.Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper_______itclosely.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.followsB.12.Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,________ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.thatA.13.Withsomebooksheneeded______,hewentintothebookstorequickly.A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buyingA.14.Allthings______