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L14AnoblegangsterHanJiajia•gangstern.歹徒,强盗•eg.abandofgangsters一伙强盗•robbern.抢劫犯,抢劫者•thiefn.盗贼•hooligann.流氓，无赖•handn.帮,团伙•eg.abandofrobbers一伙强盗•gangn.一伙•eg.agangofthieve•mobn.一群（表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派）•eg.amobofhooligans一伙流氓•s•protectionn.保护•eg.protectionmoney保护费•protectvt.保护•protect…from•eg.Wemustprotectoureyesfromthesunshine.•protectorn.保护者•protegen.被保护者•protectiveadj.保护的•promptlyadv.准时地•eg.Igivehimaringandhecallmebackprompty.Hewassosleepythathewenttosleeppromptly.•ontime准时／intime及时•punctualadj.守时的•punctuallyadv.守时地•destroyv.毁掉;消灭•destroyn.强调毁灭,消灭,完全的摧毁•eg.Theearthquakedestroyedthecity.•Youdestroyedhisdream.•damagen./v.受损程度不很严重,可以被修复•eg.Thebigclockwasdamaged.•breakv./n.强调弄坏,弄断•eg.Twoofthestringswerebroken.•spoilv.强调把事情搅和了•eg.spoiltheparty/spoiltheholiday•remarkableadj.不寻常的（同意词：unusual,uncommon,extraordinary）•eg.aremarkableevent,anextraordinaryevent不同寻常的事件•outstandingadj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的•eg.Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth.•distinguishedadj.杰出的,卓越的,不同非凡的•eminentadj.显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的•Florencen.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)又名翡冷翠（徐志摩首译），百花之城欧洲文艺运动的发祥地•hirev.租出,雇给•hireout出租•eg.Doesthisfirmhireoutcars?•rentv.租,租借,出租n.租金•rentout租给,雇给（主要强调出租房屋）•eg.Herentouthishousetoatourist.•hirefrom,rentfrom租进来•eg.Hehiredacarfromus.IrentaroomfromMrs.Johnson.•dedicatev.奉献,题献给（dedicateto）•dedicatesthtosb•eg.Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother.•dedicate献身,奉献（比devote更为正式而庄重）•dedicate…tosth•eg.Idevotemytimetohelpingmystudents.•Hededicatedhislifetohismotherland.•Hededicatedhislifetoscience.•memoryn.纪念;记忆,记忆力•inmemoryof=tothememoryof…为了纪念…•insb’shonor=inhonorofsb为纪念某人,•eg.Weheldapartyinhishonor.•=weheldapartyinhonorofhim.•eg.Youhaveagoodmemory.•Ifmymemoryservesmewell,you'reTom.如果我没有记错的话。••valiantadj.英勇的（强调非常勇敢）•eg.Duringthewar,soldierswerevaliant.•braveadj.勇敢的•eg.Theboyisbrave.•fearlessadj.大无畏的,无所畏惧的•eg.Wearefearlessintimeofdanger.•courageousadj.有胆量的,有勇气的•TherewasatimewhentheownersofshopsandbusinessesinChicagohadtopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnfor'protection.'•paylargesumsofmoneytosb•inreturnfor…目的是为了换取…,作为对…的回报•eg.Hegavemesomebooksinreturnformyhelp.•when引导状语从句修饰time•eg.Therewasatimewhenminiskirtwasin•fashion.•Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutofbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.•promptly=immediately•putsb/sthoutof...使某人失去…•eg.Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.•Youhavealreadyputeverythingoutoforder.•Putitoutofyourmind.忘记这件事情吧。•Youareputtingmeoutofpatiencebydisturbingme.•Obtaining'protectionmoney'isnotamoderncrime.•obtaining=getting•Aslongagoasthefourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,SirJohnHawkwood,madetheremarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifeworkdestroyedbygangsters.•aslongagoas追溯回到（=datingbackto=datingfrom）•eg.IknewJaneaslongagoastheyear1980.•wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿…而不…•eg.Hewouldratherdiethansurrender.•Iwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.•wouldprefertodo...thando...•wouldpreferdoing...todoing...•--Hewouldprefertodiethansurrender.•--Hewouldpreferdyingtosurrendering.•Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiersandsettlednearFlorence.settlev.settlerCn.settlementUn.•HesoonmadeanameforhimselfandcametobeknowntotheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.•madeanameforhimself=becomefamous•eg.Theysoonmadequiteanameforthemselvesaspopsingers.•cometo=getto渐渐的•cometobeknown渐渐被人所熟知•--Icometobeknowntomystudents.•--Igottoknowhim.•WhenevertheItaliancitystateswereatwarwitheachother,Hawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemanded.•atwar交战/atwarwith…于…交战•Intimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoacitystateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayifprotectionmoneywaspaidtothem.•intimeofpeace在和平期间•marchinto大踏步行军•burndown烧毁/burnup烧光/burnout烧空•--Thehousewasburnedoutonlywallsleft.房子被了只剩下墙壁。•wouldoffertogoaway=wouldpromisetogoaway•Hawkwoodmadelargesumsofmoneyinthisway.Inspiteofthis,theItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.•inspiteofthis=despitethis尽管如此•regard--as=consider--tobe•Whenhediedattheageofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneralandhadapicturedwhichwasdedicatedtothememoryof'themostvaliantsoldierandmostnotableleader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue.'•givesbastatefuneral给某人举行国葬•bededicatedtothememoryofsb