2020高考英语复习--主谓一致

第二部分攻克重难动词第二讲主谓一致考什么学什么明确方向——备考省时高效怎么考怎么解掌握“套路”——解题有径可寻语篇综合检测Contents返回考什么学什么返回[全析考法]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.解析：根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的runningregularly，是第三人称单数，故填is。is返回2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：本句中的主语是fastfood，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。is3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________(be)oftenacceptable.解析：主语是“Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow”，所以谓语用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。is返回Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.________________解析：分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰place，关系代词替代place在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使用第三人称单数的形式。include→includes2．(2016·浙江高考)Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.____________解析：从句中的主语是we，为复数，故be动词应该用were。was→were返回3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30a．m.andends...Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden._____________解析：最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用looks。look→looks4．(2014·辽宁高考)Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.____________解析：句子的主语为“Theearlymorningbarking”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。have→has返回5．(2014·陕西高考)Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theylookedlikerain！_____________解析：句中主语是“thearrows”，为复数形式，故be动词应该用were。was→were返回[谨记规则](一)并列主语的主谓一致1．当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用and,both...and连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。但and连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如theneedleandthread,theforkandknife,ironandsteel,mudandsand等。Bothteaandcoffeearemyfavorites.Thewriterandprofessor,whoIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,ispopularamongthosepeople.返回2．由each,every,no修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Nosoundand(no)voicehasbeenheardforalongtime.Everyboyandeverygirlistreatedinthesamewayinourschool.3．由or,nor,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.4．therebe,herebe后接几个并列名词时，谓语be动词的数遵循就近原则。Thereisanorangeandfourbananasleft.返回(二)数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致1．“分数＋of/百分数＋of/therestof/plentyof/themajorityof/lotsof/alotof/aquantityof＋可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of后名词的数。但quantitiesof...作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Aquantityofwaterisneededforcoolingpurpose.＝Quantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurpose.返回2．“agreatdealof/alargeamountof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但largeamountsof...作主语，谓语动词用复数。Alargeamountofgrainhasbeeneatenbybirds.＝Largeamountsofgrainhavebeeneatenbybirds.3．anumberof,avarietyof修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof,thevarietyof后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50,andanumberofthemarefromHebei.Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.返回4．由kind,form,type,species,portion,series等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.返回(三)其他情况的主谓一致1．当主语后带有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面主语的单复数。Thehouse,includingthegardenandthepark,wassold.Ithinktheboss,ratherthantheworkers,wastoblamefortheloss.返回2．在“oneof＋复数名词＋who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。one前面如果有theonly/very修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。Thisisoneofthequestionsthathavebeenaskedbythestudents.Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheball.3．“morethanone/manya(n)＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Morethanoneboylikestoplaybasketballwhilemanyagirlisgoodatplayingbaseball.返回4．强调句itis/was...that/who...中，主句谓语总是用单数。Itishewhotellsusthenews.5．不定式、动词­ing形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Toobeythelawiseveryone'sduty.Eatingtoomanysweetsruinsyourteeth.Whyhediditwasveryclear.6．由两部分构成一个整体的物体名词如shoes,trousers,pants,jeans,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了apairof,apieceof,akindof,aseriesof等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致。Histrousersaretoolongtowear.Thispairofglasseswasfoundinthebag.返回怎么考怎么解返回语法填空解题“3视角”1．看主语人称，确定谓语动词形式2．看充当主语的词(短语)，确定谓语动词形式(1)看到主语为动名词短语/todo不定式或从句，要想到谓语应为第三人称单数形式；(2)看到“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，要想到谓语的数取决于名词。3．看到therebe等结构，要想到用就近一致原则返回据第1条解题1．Thedesignontheback(show)theyellow­eyedpenguin,oneoftheworld'srarestpenguins.2．HavingtraveledfromChinathroughKazakhstan,Russia,Belarus,Poland,Germany,BelgiumandFrancefor18days,thetrainfinallyarrivedinLondon.Insidethe68containers(be)householdgoods,clothing,cloth,bagsandsuitcases.showswere返回据第2条解题3．Two­fifthsofthelandinthatdistrict(cover)withtreesnow,about80%ofwhich(plant)inthe1990s.4．Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagersovertheyears.iscoveredwereplantedhascaused返回据第3条解题5．NotonlyJasperbutalsohisfriends(be)planningtogo,becausetheyhaveneverbeentherebefore.6．There(be)alsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.areare返回短文改错解题“3原则”1．通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题(1)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。(3)单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。(4)主语后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas等引起的并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(5)复数形式单数意义的词，如news,maths,plastics,physics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。返回2．通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个