铁路沉降变形观测及无砟轨道测量作业指导书

铁路沉降变形观测及无砟轨道测量作业指导书目录无砟轨道精测网复测作业指导书·····················································································1无砟轨道CPIII精密测量作业指导书················································································6无砟轨道加密基桩GRP控制点测量作业指导书································································18CRTSI型双块式无砟轨道测量作业指导书········································································26无砟轨道CRTSⅠ型板精调测量作业指导书······································································32无砟轨道CRTSⅡ型板测量作业指导书············································································41沉降变形观测作业指导书（路基、桥涵、过渡段、隧道）···················································48附表1观测断面与观测点工程属性信息表······································································69附表2电子水准测量记录手簿·····················································································70附表3路基沉降观测记录表（沉降观测桩）···································································71附表4路基沉降观测记录表（沉降板）·········································································72附表5路基沉降观测记录表（剖面管）·········································································73附表6路基分层沉降观测记录表··················································································74附表7路基分层沉降观测记录汇总表············································································75附表8路基边桩位移观测记录表··················································································76附表9路基边桩位移观测记录汇总表············································································77附表10桥梁承台沉降观测记录表················································································78附表11桥梁墩（台）沉降观测记录表··········································································79附表12涵洞沉降观测记录表······················································································80附表13隧道沉降观测记录表······················································································81附表14桥梁梁部徐变观测数据录入表··········································································82·2·无砟轨道精测网复测作业指导书1适用范围本条文适用无砟轨道基础平面控制网CPI，线路平面控制网，CPⅡ及二等水准点复测。2作业准备2.1资料准备2.1.1项目上场后，应立即组织交接桩和复测。交接桩一般由建设单位组织，设计、监理、施工单位共同参加，由设计单位向施工单位进行现场桩橛点交，同时进行线下工程测量成果资料的移交，并签订交接桩协议书。交接协议书一式三份，应附有交桩资料详细清单，清单中应分类说明交桩点号明细、等级、坐标（投影带、投影面等）和高程系统等。2.1.2设计单位提交的测量成果应包括：2.1.2.1CPI、CPⅡ平面和高程控制点成果、点之记。2.1.2.2平面和高程控制桩橛的外型交接。2.1.2.3线路平纵断面资料，线路平纵曲线参数。2.2人员准备复测人员应符合相关规定。测量人员应具备测量资格证，持证上岗。平面测量人员数量根据GPS接收机台数配备，一般每台GPS接收机配备2人。高程测量每组配备3人。2.3仪器、设备准备2.3.1平面CPⅠ、CPⅡ控制网测量，外业采用的GPS接收机为标称精度不大于5mm+1ppm双频接收机；标称精度不大于5mm＋1ppm单频接收机仅用于CPⅡ控制网测量外业。高程测量采用电子水准仪，型号为LeicaDNA03或TrimbleDini12，标称精度为：0.3mm/km。2.3.2测量仪器必须经过有资质的检定部门检定，并在有效期内。2.4采用技术标准2.4.1《高速铁路工程测量规范》（TB10601-2009）；2.4.2《国家一、二等水准测量规范》（GB12897-2006）。3CPI、CPⅡ平面控制网复测3.1复测方案3.1.1控制网网形复测时先进行外业GPS测量网形构网设计、对于个别丢失的控制点，应及时在原控制点附近补设，联测点尽量与设计保持相同，以保证原控制网形。3.1.2外业测量CPI复测采用双频GPS接收机，静态测量方法进行，按二等精度作业要求施测。首先复测CPI控制点，与CP0联测，以CP0约束CPI。整个标段CPⅠ控制网与CP0框架控制点采用双频GPS接收机按B级GPS技术要求进行联测。每个CP0框架点至少与2个CPⅠ控制点联测，按照设计院联测点进行联测，若相邻标段交接处与CP0框架点较远，相邻标段可互换搭接段数据。CPⅡ复测采用双频GPS接收机，静态测量方法进行，按三等精度作业要求施测。复测CPⅡ时，·3·与管段内所有CPI联测，以CPI约束CPⅡ。3.1.3标段联测标段分段复测时，搭接处选取的相邻共用平面控制点一般应不少于2个，坐标换带时应不少于4个；高程搭接应不少于一个共用水准点，并与相邻标段签订书面共用桩协议。3.1.4内业数据处理基线解算采用广播星历，使用商用GPS数据处理软件（LGO、TGO）进行基线解算。基线合格后采用基线平差软件（武汉大学COSA软件）进行三维无约束平差和二维约束平差，得到复测坐标。基线不满足规范要求的要及时通知外业组重新进行外业测量。在基线解算满足规范要求后，CPI采用CP0框架控制点进行约束，使用GPS平差软件进行整体平差。CPⅡ控制网采用经过复测后证明是可靠的本测段所有CPⅠ控制点进行约束。CPⅠ的数据应采用设计院提供的勘测成果或复测后设计院提供的修正测量成果。3.2作业技术要求3.2.1作业时其主要技术要求如下：项目CPⅠ（B级）CPⅡ（C级）静态测量卫星高度角（°）≥15≥15有效卫星总数≥5≥4时段中任一卫星有效观测时间（min）≥30≥20时段长度（min）≥9060观测时段数≥21～2数据采样间隔（S）1515PDOP或GDOP≤6≤83.2.2天线应严格整平对中，对中误差≤1mm。每时段开机前和关机后各量一次天线高，三个方向天线高互差不大于2mm，取平均值作为最后的天线高；3.2.3观测时详细记录测站点号、日期、时段、天线高、观测者、记录者等；3.2.4开机后应检查有关指示灯与仪表；3.2.5观测中应查看测站信息、接收卫星数、数据记录信号灯等情况，保证接收机工作正常，数据记录正确；3.2.6观测中在接收机10m内禁止使用对讲机和手机；3.2.7每日观测结束后，当天及时将数据转存至计算机，并拷贝成一式两份，确保观测数据不丢失。3.3精度要求3.3.1各独立闭合环坐标分量闭合差均符合下式的规定：nWX3；nWY3；nWZ3环全长闭合差应满足：nWS33式中：SW为环闭合差，n为独立环中的边数；·4·3.3.2重复基线的长度较差小于22。3.3.3无约束平差中基线分量的改正数绝对值均满足下式：VΔx≤3σ，VΔy≤3σ，VσZ≤3σGPS基线长度精度用下式表示：22)(dba式中：σ——中误差（mm）；d——相邻点间距离（km）3.3.4GPS测量精度指标控制网级别基线边方向中误差最弱边相对中误差CPⅠ≤1.3″1/180000CPⅡ≤1.7″1/1000003.3.5可重复性测量精度和相邻点位的相对精度：控制点可重复性测量精度相对点位精度CPⅠ108+d×10-6CPⅡ15104高程控制网复测4.1复测方案4.1.1复测水准线路按设计布设水准路线路逐点顺序测量，形成附合水准路线，整个标段至少联测两个深埋水准点。高程复测时，可将线路加密水准点一并纳入高程点复测。4.1.2外业测量采用标称精度不低于0.3mm/km的电子水准仪，按设计同等（二等水准）精度要求施测。采用设计院提交的深埋水准点或基岩点作为起闭点，对于区域地面沉降区域要联测到基岩点，按附合水准方法施测。观测顺序为：往返测：奇数站为后—前—前—后偶数站为前—后—后—前4.1.3标段联测标段分段复测时，高程联测应伸入相邻标段至少于一个共用水准点，并与相邻标段签订书面共用桩协议。4.1.4内业数据处理高程控制网以联测的深埋水准点或基岩点为起算点，用专业平差软件进行严密平差计算。4.2作业技术要求4.2.1作业主要技术要求水准点复测限差要求·5·测量等级每千米水准测量偶然中误差（mm）往返不符值或闭合差（mm）复测较差（mm）二等1.0L4L64.2.2水准测量采用单路线往返观测，同一区段的往返测使用同一类型仪器和转点尺垫，沿同一路线进行。4.2.3观测间歇时，最好在水准点上结束。否则，应在最后一站选择两个坚稳可靠、光滑突出、便于放置标尺的固定点，作为间歇点。4.2.4气象条件稳定时进行观测，扶尺时借助尺撑，使标尺气泡居中，标尺垂直。跨越较大河流或水域时，按《国家一、二等水准测量规范》（GB12897-2006）跨河水准测量有关技术要求执行。4.2.5水准测量野外作业结束后，每条水准路线应按测段往返测高差不符值计算偶然中误差MΔ，MΔ≤±1.0mm；当水准网的环数超过20个时，按环线闭合差计算Mw，Mw≤±2.0mm。MΔ、Mw应按下列公式计算：L41nML1WWNMW式中：△——测段往返高差不符值（mm）；L——测段长或环线周长（km）；n——测段数；W——水准路线的环线闭合差（mm）；N——水准环数。5精测网复测成果与设计成果对比评价5.1CPI、CPⅡ成果评价将复测成果与设计成果进行对比，当复测结果与设计单位成果较差超限时，再次复测，查明原因。当确认设计单位成果资料有误或精