搜索
非谓语动词1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切成分。2．形式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。3．语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。逻辑主语能发出该动作（发）逻辑主语不能发出该动作（收）不发不收用结构：动词不定式：用独立结构。动名词：用复合结构。分词：用独立主格结构不定式1．不定式作主语：Warmupexercises:1)changethefollowingintotheinfinitive1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)istobelieve.5.______(sit)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.2)changethesentencesaboveintotheonesusing“it”asformsubject.TodieTotalkTohelpToseeTosit3)A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.2．不定式作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Sheseemed______(think)abouttheproblem.4.Theyappeared_________(agree)withwhatwesaid.不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。tolooktogotothinktoagree3．不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,hope,wish,expect;like,hate;start,begin;fail,help,offer,try,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,agree,plan,determine,prefer,intend,etc.1.Theywanted________(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished__________(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed__________(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred_______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised________(give)meahand.togettobetogotodancetogive如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词it作formobject，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。think,find,feel,consider,make…HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带to或不带to。Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside.Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp.4.不定式作宾语补足语A)1.Ididn’twantmyparents________(help)me.2.We’dpreferyou____________(take)thejobinsteadofZhang.3.Myparentsexpectme___________(go)toanidealuniversity.4.Thedoctoradvisedthepatient____________(take)twopillseveryfourhours.5.Hedeterminedme______________(tell)everything.tohelptotaketogototaketotellB)[watch,hear,observe,feel,listen(to),notice,see,make,let,have(使),etc.]+sb.+动词原形+sth.+done+sb\sth+doingNotice:1.get+sb\sth+todo2.let+sth.+bedone3.如果变成被动结构，就必须带to。1.Wecan’tletthis______(go)on.2.Iwillnotletmychildren______(treat)inthatway.3.Johnmadehim______(tell)everything.4.Thetwoboysweresorryindeedtoseehim______(go).5.Wefeltthehouse______(shake)intheearthquake.6.Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______(talk)?Haveyoueverheardhim______(tell)alie?7.Whowouldyouliketohave______(go)with?8.Whowouldyouliketohave______(play)thegame?9.Whatsongdidyouhear______(sing)?10.Wesawthehouse______(burn)tothegroundwhenwereachedthere.5.不定式作定语Changethefollowingintoinfinitives.1.Hewasthefirstpersonthatcametotheclassroomthismorning.2.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosay?3.Herearesomebooksthatyoucanread.4.Hethoughtoutaplan_____(punish)Tom.5.Heisalwaysthelast_____(come)tooffice.6.Pleasegivemeaknife_____(cut)theappleswith.作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。6.不定式作状语状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果要用不定式。目的状语还可用inorderto或soasto来表示结果状语还可用so…asto…,such…asto…,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto…等结构来表示A)Substitution:Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustothetown.Hegotupearly_______________catchthefirstbus.WemustworkhardatEnglishinorderthatwecancontactforeignersfreely.WemustworkhardatEnglish______________contactforeignersfreely.Hewassofrightenedthathecouldhardlysayanything.Hewas______frightened_______sayanything.Hewas______brave____________sayanything.Hewassoyoungthathecouldnotgotoschool.Hewas_____young_____gotoschool.Hewasnot________________gotoschool.B)1.______(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____(find)thetrainleft.不定式在作表语/补语的形容词后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。Thisquestionisdifficult_____(answer).Doyouthinkhimeasy_____(work)with?Wefindthisrulehard_____(remember).不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willing…Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.2）在not,never,only,all,but的“too…to…”结构中，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定含义。I’monlytoogladtostayathome.It’snevertoooldtolearn.不定式的时态与语态：1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。Isawhimgoout.Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。I’mverygladtobeworkingwithyou.3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Thearticleissaidtohavebeenreadbymanypeople.不定式作独立成分Totell(you)thetruth,hedoesn’tagreewithyou.Tobeginwith,Beijingisaverybeautifulcity.不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.动名词动名词1．动名词作主语A)1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)isbelieving.5.______(sit)atthebackoftheclassroommadet