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TheArtofWar冯肖肖part1:TheArtofWar•TheArtofWarisanancientChinesemilitary[ˈmɪlətri][军事的;军用的]treatise[ˈtri:tɪs][论文;论述;专著]datingfromthe5thcenturyBC.AttributedtotheancientChinesemilitarystrategist[ˈstrætədʒɪst][战略家;军事家]SunTzu–MasterSun,thetextiscomposed[kəmˈpəʊz][组成，构成]of13chapters,eachofwhichisdevotedtooneaspectofwarfare.•ItwasplacedattheheadofChina'sSevenMilitaryClassicsuponthecollection'screationin1080byEmperorShenzongofSong,andhaslongbeenthemostinfluentialstrategytextinEastAsia.ThebookwasfirsttranslatedintoFrenchin1772andapartial[ˈpɑ:ʃl][部分的]translationintoEnglishwasattemptedbyaBritishofficerin1905.Thefirstannotated['ænəteɪtɪd][注解，注释]EnglishtranslationwascompletedandpublishedbyLionelGilesin1910.Leadersasdiverse[daɪˈvɜ:s][不同的]asMaoZedong,GeneralVoNguyenGiap,GeneralDouglasMacArthurandleadersofImperial[ɪmˈpɪəriəl[帝国的，皇帝的]Japanhavedrawninspiration[获取灵感]fromthework.part2：Quotations[kwəʊˈteɪʃn][引用，引证]•Verses[vɜ:s][诗，韵文]fromthebookoccurinmoderndailyChineseidioms[ˈɪdiəm][习语，成语]andphrases[freɪz][短语;成语;说法],suchasthelastverseofChapter3:•故曰：知彼知己，百戰不殆；不知彼而知己，一勝一負；不知彼，不知己，每戰必殆。•Soitissaidthatifyouknowyourenemiesandknowyourself,youwillnotbeputatriskevenifyouhaveahundredbattles.•Ifyouonlyknowyourself,butnotyouropponent[əˈpəʊnənt][对手],youmaywinormaylose.•Ifyouknowneitheryourselfnoryourenemy,youwillalwaysendangeryourself.•Thishasbeenmoretersely[tɜ:slɪ][简洁地，精练地]interpretedintotheChinesemodernproverb[ˈprɒvɜ:b][谚语，格言]:•知己知彼，百戰不殆。(Zhījǐzhībǐ,bǎizhànbùdài.)•CommonexamplescanalsobefoundinEnglishuse,suchasverse18inChapter1:•兵者，詭道也。故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠，遠而示之近。•Allwarfareisbasedondeception[dɪˈsepʃn][瞒骗，欺诈;骗局].Whenweareabletoattack,wemustseemunable;whenusingourforces,wemustappearinactive;whenwearenear,wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway;whenfaraway,wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.•Thishasbeenabbreviated[ə'bri:vɪeɪtɪd][简短的]toitsmostbasicformandcondensed[kən'dens][浓缩]intotheEnglishmodernproverb:•Allwarfareisbasedondeception.Chaptersummary施阳第一章DetailAssessment（评估）andPlanning《始计》：exploresthefivefundamental（基本）factors(theWay,seasons,terrain（地形）,leadershipandmanagement（管理）)andsevenelements（要素）thatdeterminetheoutcomes（结果）ofmilitaryengagements（军事活动）.Bythinking,assessingandcomparingthesepoints,acommandercancalculate（推测）hischancesofvictory.第五章Forces《兵势》：explainstheuseofcreativity（创造力）andtiminginbuildinganarmy'smomentum（契机）.第九章MovementandDevelopment（前行）ofTroops（军队）《行军》：describesthedifferentsituationsinwhichanarmyfindsitselfasitmovesthroughnewenemyterritories（领土）,andhowtorespondtothesesituations.Muchofthissection（部分）focusesonevaluatingtheintentions（意图）ofothers.第十三章IntelligenceandEspionage《用间》focusesontheimportanceofdevelopinggoodinformationsources（来源）,andspecifies（指出）thefivetypesofintelligence（情报）sourcesandhowtobestmanageeachofthem.第十二章AttackingwithFire《火攻》：explainsthegeneral（通用性）useofweaponsandthespecific（特种的）useoftheenvironmentasaweapon.Thissectionexamines（探讨）thefivetargets（目标）forattack,thefivetypesofenvironmentalattackandtheappropriate（恰当的）responsestosuchattacks.TheArtofWar:Applicationoutsidethemilitary陈升TheArtofWarhasbeenappliedtomanyfieldswelloutsideofthemilitary.Muchofthetextisabouthowtofightwarswithoutactuallyhavingtodobattle:itgivestipsonhowtooutsmartone'sOpponent（对手）sothatphysicalbattleisnotnecessary.Ithasfoundapplicationasatrainingguideformanycompetitiveendeavors（尽力）thatdonotinvolveactualcombat.Therearebusinessbooksapplyingitslessonstoofficepoliticsandcorporatestrategy（战略）.ManyJapanesecompaniesmakethebookrequiredreadingfortheirkeyexecutives（高管、主管）.ThebookisalsopopularamongWesternbusinessmanagement,whohaveturnedtoitforinspiration（灵感）andadviceonhowtosucceedincompetitivebusinesssituations.Lookingatthestrategiesandlessonsofwarfarecanbeappliedtosport,inparticularthewaysinwhichitispossibletowinthroughoutsmartingtheopponents.TheArtofWarhasalsobeenappliedintheworldofsports.Alotofsportsaren'tverydifferentfromwarfareinthatstrength,strategy,andvictoryplaykeypartsintheoutcome.battle，war，campaign，struggle，warfare，fight，combat，engagement这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。battle侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。campaign通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。struggle指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。warfare侧重指战争状态或具体的作战方法。fight最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。combat泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗，甚至是格斗。engagement指交战，交火。