专题七 定语从句

结束定语从句专题七定语从句关系代词的用法——考题尝试(单句语法填空)1．(2016·浙江高考改编)Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupininfluencethebasicprocessesbyweseetheworldaroundus.2．(2016·浙江高考改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_______hasbeenproved.whichwhich结束定语从句3．(2016·浙江高考改编)Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,Idecidedtoapplyfortheone_____reflectedmyinterest.4．(2016·北京高考改编)Ilivenextdoortoacouple_______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.thatwhose结束定语从句用于限制性和非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句指人指物指人又指物主格whowhichthat宾格who/whom－－属格whose/ofwhomofwhich/whosewhose从句关系代词格一、关系代词的用法分类——规则点拨结束定语从句二、关系代词的用法与分类依据1．根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；2．根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；3．根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。结束定语从句三、只用that不用which的情况1．先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。That'sallthatIknow.我知道的就这些。Nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesn'tinfluencehisstudents.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。结束定语从句2．先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasCities.我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。结束定语从句3．先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。4．关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时，通常只用that，不用which。Heisnolongerthestarthathewas.他不再是过去的那位明星了。Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。结束定语从句5．句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限制性定语从句。Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超过我们的是哪辆车？结束定语从句四、只用which不用that的情况1．在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系代词which，不能使用that。Air,whichwebreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.我们每天呼吸的空气始终在我们的周围。2．在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，用关系代词which，不能使用that。Sheshowedmethedictionaryforwhichshepaidalotofmoney.她给我看了她花了很多钱买的那本字典。结束定语从句[注意事项]1．当关系代词作宾语，前面又没有介词时，whom可以改为who，也可以省略。Thegirl(who/whom)heinvitedmaybehisgirlfriend.他邀请的那个女孩可能是他的女朋友。2．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。Theclassroom,whosedoorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.→Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.那间门坏了的教室很快就会被修理了。结束定语从句——对点演练(单句改错)1．(2017·广西高三联考)WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromhimwehavelearnedalot.2．Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher.3．TherearethreepeopleinmyfamilyandI'mtheonlyonechild,whoisverycommoninChinesefamilies.4．Iwillneverforgetthedayonthatwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore.5．(2017·东北三校联考)Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.him→whomthat→whichwho→whichthat→whichwhich→that结束定语从句——考题尝试(单句语法填空)关系副词的用法1．(2016·天津高考改编)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.2．(2015·北京高考改编)OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,youcanhearsomelovelymusic.3．(2015·天津高考改编)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.whenwherewhere结束定语从句——规则点拨一、关系副词的分类1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.我仍然记得我第一次到这个学校的那一天。2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前住的房子已经被拆毁了。3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。结束定语从句二、关系代词和关系副词的辨析方法准确判断引导词在定语从句中所作的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语)从而能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。Thisisthemuseumwherewesawthefamouspainting.(引导词在从句中作状语)这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。Thisisthemuseumwhichwevisitedlastsummer.(引导词在从句中作宾语)这就是我们去年夏天去的那个博物馆。结束定语从句2．准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。Thisisthemuseumwherewesawthefamouspainting.(引导词在从句中作状语)这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。Thisisthemuseumwhichwevisitedlastsummer.(引导词在从句中作宾语)这就是我们去年夏天去的那个博物馆。结束定语从句[注意事项]1．where引导定语从句时，不仅仅修饰具体的地点，还可以修饰抽象的地点。Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。2．theway后接定语从句，如果定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，那么引导词用that/inwhich或者省略。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)heteachesus.我不喜欢他教我们的方式。结束定语从句3．关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词＋关系代词”引导的从句替换。Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.他拒绝邀请的原因不明。结束定语从句——对点演练(单句语法填空)1．(2017·三门峡市考前适应性练习)Janepausedinfrontofacountersomeattractivetieswereondisplay.2．(20167·滕州模拟)Shedreamedofthedaythemanagerofthesupermarketwouldsaytoherwithasmile,“Madam,thisisyourluckyday.Everythinginyourbasketisfree.”3．(2017·鹰潭二模)Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonstheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.wherewhenwhy结束定语从句“介词＋关系代词”的用法——考题尝试(单句语法填空)1．(2015·重庆高考改编)Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfofwerepublishedinthe1990s.2．(2014·天津高考改编)Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofusesitdifferently.3．(2013·浙江高考改编)Thechildren,allofhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.whichwhichwhom结束定语从句——规则点拨“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句要注意：1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词十which/whom。不能用that和who。Thisistheteacherfromwhomwe'velearnedalot.这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的那位老师。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichwelive.我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。结束定语从句2．有时介词也可放在从句的动词后面，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that(指人)，也可以省略。Thesituation(which/that)wehadgotintowasverydangerous.我们当时的处境很危险。Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingtojustnowismyEnglishteacher.你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。结束定语从句3．当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，动词短语中的介词不能前置。ThisisthepenwhichI'mlookingfor.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。4．定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词＋介词＋which/whom”引出。Thatoldmanhastwosons,oneofwhomisadoctor.那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。结束定语从句5．引导定语从句的关系副词(when,where,why)可以用“介词＋关系代