动名词的用法讲解

Fillintheblackwiththerightformof“swim”Myfavoritesportis_________.ThoughI’mnotgoodat________,Ikeeponpracticing________everysummer.Asweallknow,________isgoodforourhealth.Besides,ithelpsshapethebody.However,________inriverisquitedangerous.Itisreportedthatmanypeoplediedbecauseof________intheriverthissummer.What’smore,theriverispollutednow.HowIhopethatIcanhavea________poolofmyown!swimmingswimmingswimmingswimmingswimmingswimmingswimmingGrammarGerund动名词的用法1）做主语①Doing+V.+…nousenogoodnotanyusenotanygooduseless③Thereisno+doing…②It’s++doingE.g.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.学而不实践是没好处的。Itisuselesstalkingaboutitwithhim.和他谈这件事是没用的。It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.辩论这事是浪费时间Thereisno…”句式来表示.E.g.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnolitteringabout.不许乱扔杂物。Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.历史车轮不可阻挡。2)作表语句子结构：主语+系动词+表语…S.+be+doing…e.g.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Herjobislookingaftertheold.Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。注意：这时，主语和表语可以互换位置3)作定语。动名词作定语时一般前置，与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，表用途。readingroom阅览室swimmingpool游泳池diningcar餐车singingcompetition歌咏比赛waitingroom候车室注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别:awalkingstickaswimmingpoolasleepingcar区别thewalkingmantheswimminggirlthesleepingboy动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态4)作宾语verb/短语+doingavoid,admit,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,suggest,understandbeworthcan’thelpcan’tstandfeellikegiveupputoffManypeopleenjoysunbathingonthebeachinsummer.夏季，很多人喜欢在沙滩日光浴。Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。He'snotverywell;hedoesn'tfeellikeeating.他不太舒服，吃不下。ShepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.Prep+doinglookforwardto（渴望，盼望）,beproudof（以…自豪）beresponsiblefor（对…负责）,insiston（坚持）thinkof（考虑，想到）dreamof（梦想）objectto（反对，抗议）prevent…from（防止，阻止）keep…from（防止，阻止）stop…from（防止，阻止）beengagedin（从事于）dependon（依靠，依赖）excuse…for（因…而道歉）aimat（目的在于）devote…to（献身于）setabout（着手做）be/getusedto（习惯于）befondof（喜欢）beafraidof（害怕）betiredof（对……厌烦）succeedin（成功地做）beashamedof（对…感到羞愧）e.g.①Shesattherewithoutspeaking.②Ilookforwardtoseeinghimagain.③Areyouusedtolivingtherealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.⑤Hewasbusypreparinghislessons.注意：（1）有些动词后面，如forget,remember,stop,try,mean,regret、goon等，既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语，但是意义不一样。forgetregretremembertododoing将要发生的动作已经发生的动作goondoinggoontodostopdoingstoptodomeandoingmeantodo继续做同一件事情继续做另一件事情停止做某事停下来做另一件事意味着做某事打算做某事trydoingtrytodobeusedtodoingbeusedtodocan'thelpdoingcan'thelptodo试着做某事努力做某事习惯做某事被用来做某事情不自禁做某事不能帮助做某事Heforgotpayingforthebook.他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了)Heforgottopayforthebook.他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱)Stoptalking.(停止说话)IstoppedtotalkwithTom.（停下正在做的事开始去说话）(2)在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。needwantrequireThewindowneeds／requires／wantscleaning／tobecleaned．doingtobedone(3)Yourcarneedsfilling.你这车要充气了。Thiscitydeservesvisiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。Theproblemrequiresstudyingcarefully.这个问题需要认真研究。Thetreeswantwatering.这些树需要浇水了。(4)在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：Wedon'tallowsmokinghere．Wedon‘tallowanybodytosmokehere．advisedoingsth.advisesb.todosth.动名词复合结构：one’s/onedoing1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语或宾语:e.g.Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Idon’tmindyouropeningthewindow.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:e.g.I’msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.动名词的时态·语态语态时态主动式被动式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone