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基础写作训练一.基础写作基本要求I.基础写作考我们什么能力?A.信息处理或整理的能力;[如:信息之间能否合并为逻辑关系或处理先后顺序等]B.组词造句能力;[如内容和语言表达的准确性和合适性]C.连句成文能力;[信息内容的完整性和连贯性]•A.如何处理或整理信息?•1.存在问题Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.Firstofall,thelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.…(1)IamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagencyandthelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople….错误诊断：总体信息和细节信息不能合并(2)However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidn’tagreewithmanyofus.Quiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.错误诊断：因果关系的信息合并However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidn’tagreewithmanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.(Hehadahighfeverandwenttoseethedoctor.)•(3)Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency,thelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiastic,hecouldconcernoldmeninourgroup.•错误诊断：‘‘一逗到底”的中式英语表达导致信息表达出现问题，不能用多个简单句表达多个不同类型的信息内容。•Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.ThelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandhecouldconcernoldmeninourgroup.•II.如何处理或整理信息?•一、按信息内容或逻辑关系分为五大信息块；whowhatwhywhenwhere•二、一个完整的信息用一个句子来表达；•三、信息之间如果存在逻辑关系就应该合并，但如果它们之间没有逻辑关系就不能随便合并。四、总体信息和细节信息不能合并；五、要正确使用标点符号避免影响信息的正确表达•B.组词造句能力;[如内容和语言表达的准确性和合适性]1.旅行社travelagency2.食物不合味口thefooddidn’tagreewithus3.他讲解清晰,生动。Heexplainedeverythingabouttheplacesinaclearandlivelyway.Hisexplanationaboutthoseplacesofinterestwasveryclearandvivid.•4.货真价实的购物场所•theshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargains•theshopswherewecouldbuynicethingswithreasonableprices•1.我表示对旅行社提供的服务总体感到满意。•Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravellingcompany.•Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelercentre.•2.当地导游对游客非常热情，体贴，耐心照顾团中的老人。•John,whowasthetravelleader,wasgetalongwitheverybodyandhewastookgoodcareoftheolder.travelagency.travelagency.ThelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.错句修正•3.导游对游地讲解清晰、生动，增长了我们的见闻。•Theinterviewoftheviewisclearandfunnyandit’sclearlythatweimproveknowledgeforJohn’sdirection.Thelocaltourguideexplainedeverythingabouttheplaceswevisitedinaclearandlivelyway,whichhelpedusbroadenourhorizons.•4.饭馆提供的膳食不合口味。•我们有些人不得不自买食物。Thedietprovidedintherestaurantdidn’tfitussomanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidn’tagreewithmanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.•5.建议应该多提供货真价实的购物场所。•Isuggestyoucanoffermoreandmoreshops.wewantedtobetakentotheshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargainsbutwerenot.•错句修正例：•1)Wearedon’tlikethefood.•Wearedon’tlikethefood.•2)Wedon’tsatisfiedwiththefood.•Wedon’tsatisfiedwiththefood.•3)Peoplehadtoboughtsomefood.•Peoplehadtoboughtsomefood.•4)Guide’sspokenisverylively.•Guide’sspokenisverylively.weren’tbuyspeech•C.连句成文信息内容的完整性和连贯性]•存在问题•Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.ThelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.Thelocaltourguideexplainedeverythingabouttheplaceswevisitedinaclearandlivelyway,ithelpedusbroadenourhorizons.Thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidn’tagreewithmanyofus,quiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.Wewantedtobetakentotheshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargainsbutwerenot.•错误诊断：内容缺乏连贯•Iamquitesatisfiedwiththetravelagency.Firstofall,thelocaltourguideJohnwasveryenthusiasticandconsideratetoalltourists，especiallytotheolderpeople.Thelocaltourguideexplainedeverythingabouttheplaceswevisitedinaclearandlivelyway,whichhelpedusbroadenourhorizons.However,thefoodprovidedintherestaurantdidn’tagreewithmanyofusandquiteafewofushadtobuyextrafood.Inaddition,wewantedtobetakentotheshopswherewecouldbuygoodbargainsbutwerenot.二.基础写作基本步骤抄改连扩抓审写作基础写作步骤审抓扩连改抄基础写作步骤一、审题理清文字信息判断文章格式、人称、要点、时态、基础写作步骤二、抓要点确定主要行为用一两个词或短语写出每句的要点基础写作步骤三、扩展成句形成基本语义单位用一些简单句、不同句型、不同句式或高级词汇将要点扩展成句基础写作步骤四、连句成文时间空间细节连贯呼应背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）、逻辑关系、开头与结尾、巧用连接词和过渡句书面表达六步法五、查错改错要尽量剔除错误如要点齐全、句法、语法有无问题；单词拼写、大小写和标点符号；句数基础写作步骤六、誊写卷面要工整•建议：•1.注重基础,单词短语多•2.培养写句意识,以动词为中心1如何在写作中避免句式单一Rewritethesentences1.Theyarrivedattheschool.Theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.2.Iwillbegivenanotherchance.Iwillsucceed.3.HewantstoimprovehisEnglish.Hestudieshard.方法一.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档Whentheyarrivedattheschool,theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.Arrivingattheschool,theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.IfIamgivenanotherchance,Iwillsucceed.Givenanotherchance,Iwillsucceed.InordertoimprovehisEnglish,hestudieshard.方法一.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档Completethesentenceswithnon-predicate(非谓语动词)1.听到这个消息,他们变的很激动._________thenews,theygotexcited.2.尽管被告知许多遍,他仍然重复这个错.__________________manytimes,hestillrepeatedthemistake.3.除非被邀请发言,你应该在会议上保持沉默.Unless________tospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.HearingHavingbeentoldinvitedTranslatethefollowingsentencesbyusingnon-predicate(非谓语动词)1,面对困难时，他从不放弃。2，引入市场后，该产品大获成功。3，做完作业后，他回家了。Facedwith/Facingdifficulties,henevergivesup.Introducedtothemarket,theproductmadeagreatsuccess.Havingfinishedhishomework,hereturnedhome.方法二.巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力1.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilhereturnedhome.Notuntil2.Wecansavetheearthbychangingthewaywelive.Only3.Heiscleverbuthedoesnotworkhard.as/though4.Theclocktowerstandsontheothersideofthestreet.OntheothersideofthestreetCompletethesentenceshereturnedhomedidherealizehisfoolishness.bychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.Cleverheis,hedoesnot