高中英语定语从句详解吴

TheAttributiveClauseWhichoneisHarryPorter?TheboyisHarryPorterWhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定语从句一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语，相当于形容词)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句☆被定语从句限定的词是_______，引导定语从句的词叫做________或_________。HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why五、关系代词的用法关系代词指人或指物所作的成分thatwhichwhowhomwhose人和物物人人人和物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语宾语定语7when,where,why关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语whyreason原因状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语四、定语从句关系词的特点•1、连接功能：引导一个定语从句；•2、替代功能：替代先行词；•3、语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分。主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。注意：先行词在定语从句中不能重复出现改正错误：ThisisthebookthatIhavebeenlookingforwardtoit。1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.①who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语②whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语③that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.④whose作定语从句的定语(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格2.which,that的用法which作定语从句的主语或宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作宾语可省略3.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.⑥当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.只能用which做关系代词的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人.2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。4.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.•1.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.•2.IrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.•3.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouliedtome?关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代23when•when可用in/on/at/during+which代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.whenwhich24where•where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1.Thedictionaryistheonlyplace.2.Successcomesbeforeworkinthedictionary.Thedictionaryistheonlyplaceinwhichsuccesscomesbeforework.wherewhich.25why•why可用for+which代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.ThisisthereasonforwhichIwaslateforschool.whywhich.26关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语关系副词在定语从句中作状语如何选用定语从句的关系词•1.首先分清主句和定语从句•2.确定定语从句的先行词•3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）•4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。Thehouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasalovelygarden.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.注意：整个主句作为先行词,谓语动词用第三人称单数—————————————————————非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.whichTheschool______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句：注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatch（which/that）Iamlookingfor.2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which；指人时只能用whomThemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.Theschool___________heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theman(whom)youtalkedwithismyfriend.(that/which)inwhich/where考点三：关系代词as的用法一、as引导限制性定语从句主句中thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词，as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。有“如，似，正像”的含义主要结构有：thesame…as;as…as;such…as;so…asDon’ttrustsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.(指人，作主语）Wehavearrivedatthesameconclusionastheyhave.（指物，作宾语）Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.很像，不一定就是就是我不见的那支笔☆thesame…as表示同一类人或物；thesame…that指同一个人或物二、引导非限制性定语从句⑴as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.Tomworkshardandiswillingtohelpothers,asweallknow.⑵非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as做主语besaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussedGrammar,ashasbeensaidbefore,isnotasetofdeadrules.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.注意：which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。Tomsuddenlyfellill,whichmadeussad.as引导的非限制性定语从句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.Itwhich/asAsItas具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定语从句在句首时只能用as,1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleave