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Unit2TheUnitedKingdom语法：过去分词作宾语补足语考点1.过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词可以放在宾语后面对宾语起补充说明的作用。过去分词作宾补时;(1)分词表示的动作和宾语之间是被动关系;(2)分词作宾补仅仅表示动作已经完成;(3)分词作宾补时，只表示宾语的状态不表示被动的意义。(1)分词表示的动作和宾语之间是被动关系Iwanttheletterposted.我想把这封信寄出去。(theletter是宾语,posted是宾补.theletter和posted所表示的动作之间是被动关系)语法填空：Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother______(take)goodcareofathome.taken(2)分词作宾补仅仅表示动作已经完成,如go,change,fall等的过去分词。Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.她在回家的路上发现项链丢了。Hefoundtheplacemuchchanged.他发现这个地方有了巨大的变化。(3)分词作宾补表示宾语的状态,而不表示被动意义,如seat,hide,dress等词的过去分词。WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecorner.Assoonastheboygothimselfdressed,hewentout.2.用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况(1)过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep,leave等的后面作宾语补足语。Don’tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.不要让窗户像这样一直破着。Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.(谚语)少说多看。常见表达：leavesth.undone留下某事未做(表被动undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)Heleftmuchworkunfinished/undone,becausehewasverybusyyesterday.Althoughhehadfinishedhismeal,heleftallthedishesuntouched.尽管他已吃完饭，但是所有的菜都没有动。(2)过去分词用在使役动词make,get,have等的后面作宾语补足语。“have/get+宾语+过去分词”结构的含义：①表示主语请别人做某事；Ihavehadmycomputerrepaired.我让人修好了我的电脑。Igetmyhaircutonceamonth.②表示主语遭受、遭遇某一不愉快的事；Hegothisleginjured.Whenhegothome,hefoundthathehadhiswalletstolen.Whiletheywereonholiday,theyhadtheircarbrokeninto.他们在度假时，他们的汽车被撬开了。③表示普通的被动含义,意为“使得……”Hehasgotfivethousandyuansavedthismonth.“make+oneself+done”结构表示“使某人自己被理解/被听到”Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了嗓门以便是自己被别人听见。Theymanagedtomakethemselves_______(understand)byusingverysimpleEnglish.understood(3)过去分词用watch,notice,see,hear,feel,find,observe等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语。Whenwegottotheclassroom,wesawthedoorlocked.IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.Hedidn’tnoticehiswalletstolen.Hefelthimselfcheated.(4)过去分词作表示“希望、要求、命令等”的动词的宾语补足语。这类动词有like,order,want,wish,expect等。Thebosswouldn’tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.老板不想现在讨论这个问题。Iwishtheseletters(tobe)typedoutassoonaspossible.我希望这些信件能被尽快打出来。Themanagerorderedtheworkfinishedattheendofthisweek.经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。(5)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中作宾语补足语。过去分词与宾语之间是被动关系。Withtheworkfinished,theywenttotheseasideforaholiday.做完了工作，他们到海滨度假了。Witheveryproblemsettled,hebegantothinkofajourney.考点2.现在分词/过去分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别1.感官动词后宾语补足语的比较(1)感官动词的宾语补足语有以下几种形式(以see为例)：see+宾语+doing看见……正在做(宾语补足语表示的动作是宾语发出的为主动关系,且动作正在进行)see+宾语+do看见……做了(宾语补足语表示的动作是宾语发出的为主动关系,但强调动作的全过程)see+宾语+done看见……被做(宾语是宾语补足语表示的动作的承受者为被动关系，但动作已经完成)Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(表示主动和动作发生的全过程)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(表示主动和动作正在进行)Isawhimknockeddownbyabus.我看见他被一辆公共汽车撞倒。(表示被动和动作已完成)真题链接1.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake______itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound2.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone________forhelp?A.callingB.callC.tocallD.called2.使役动词make,have,get和keep,find后宾语补足语的比较(1)make+宾语+dosth.让……作某事(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)make+宾语+done让……被做(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)Hemadehisworkerswork12hoursaday.Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstood.(2)have+宾语+dosth.使……做某事have+宾语+doingsth.使……持续做某事have+宾语+done使……被做/遭受Thebossoftenhasthemworkfor14hoursaday.老板经常要他们一天工作14个小时。Don’thavethewaterrunning.Wehadthemachinemendedjustnow.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。(3)get+宾语+todosth.使……做某事get+宾语+doingsth.使……开始做某事get+宾语+done使……被做Hegotmetoposttheletterforhim.他让我替他寄信。Letmetrynow.Iwillgetthecargoing.现在让我试试，我会把汽车发动起来的。YoumustgettheworkdonebeforeFriday.你必须在周五前把工作完成。(4)keep+宾语+doing使……一直做某事keep+宾语+done使……被……(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.对不起,让你久等了。Shekepthereyesshutandstayedwhereshewas.她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。(5)find+宾语+doing发现……正在做某事(表示主动和动作正在进行)find+宾语+done发现……(发现被动且完成，或表示状态)Whenwearrived,wefoundhimsleeping.我们到达时发现他在睡觉。Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.当他到达时，他发现所有的工作都做完了。3.with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较with+sb./sth.+doing(表主动,表进行)with+sth.+done(表示被动、动作已完成)with+sth.+todo(表示动作尚未发生)Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。Withalotofworktodo,hehasnotimetolookafterhisfamily.Withhisworkfinished,hewenttoplayfootballwithhisfriends.真题链接1.Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar_____.A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash2.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog______them.A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows3.Whenwesawtheroad_______withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.A.blockB.toblockC.blockingD.blocked4.Letthoseinneed_______thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.A.tounderstandB.understandC.understandingD.understoodⅠ.单项填空1.Whereverwego,wewillseethiskindofproducts______.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising2.Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleliketohuntforwhattheywantat。A.havehiscomputerfixedB.havefixitC.hadhiscomputerfixedD.fixedhiscomputer5.Hetriedinvainto______inJapanese,becausemostofthemcamefromEurope.A.understandhimselfB.makehimselfunderstandingC.makehimselfunderstoodD.maketounderstand6.Withallhislessons_______,Peterwenttobedearly,relaxed.A.preparedB.toprepareC.preparing