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高考英语书面表达常用词汇1一、名词的同义词辨析1．常作为考点的名词同义词approach；method；way；means;appreciationarea；region；field；district;diffrenceargument；quarrel；debateaward；reward；prizebackground；environment；surroundingbehaviour；action；actbenefit；profit;advantage;case；example；instance；samplecause；reason；excuse(一)名词climate；weathercondition；situationcontest；competition；match；raceconsequence；resultcustom；habit；practicediet；fooddirection；instructionenergy；strength；force；power；abilityevent；affair；businessfault；mistake；errorglimpse；glance；look；sightlabour；work；job；taskmessage；news；information；wordopinion；idea；thought；mindpattern；design；style；modelpercent；percentagepractice；training；exercisepurpose；aim；goal；targetscene；scenery；sight；viewshade；shadowskill；abilityspirit；couragesymbol；sign；markterm；condition；casetouch；contact；connectionvalue；price；costvariety；speciesview；sight；visionvoyage；trip；journeywage；salary；pay；income牛刀小试ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.2．名词同义词辨析题解题技巧从三个方面考虑：①词义；②搭配(与介词或动词搭配)；③惯用法【例1】FindingoutabouttheseuniversitieshasbecomeeasyforanyonewithInternet________.A．entranceB．admissionC．accessD．entry[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。entrance“入口，门口，进入”；admission“允许进入，承认”；entry“进入，入口”。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等地的权利。如：Theywererefusedentrancetotheexhibition.“他们被拒于展览会门外。”Entrytothemuseumisfree.“这家博物馆免费进入参观。”Shefailedtogainadmissiontotheuniversityofherchoice.“她没有被自己选择的大学录取。”access“通道”，也可指接近或使用某东西的“权利，机会”。如：Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.“学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。”根据题意“对于可以使用互联网的人来说，要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。”可知答案为C。【例2】Exceptonformal________suchasofficialreception，Americansocietyhasacertainamountofinformality.A．conditionsB．casesC．occasionsD．situations[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单词都可作“情况”解。condition常与介词in或under搭配使用，多用复数形式：in/under...conditions“在……情况下，在……条件下，在……环境下”，但condition也可与介词on搭配，只能用单数形式：onconditionthat“只要，条件是”。case与介词in搭配：inthat/thiscase“在那(这)种情况下，如果那(这)样的话”，insuchcases“在这种情况下”，incaseof“如果，万一”。occasion与介词on搭配：onthat/thisoccasion“在那(这)种场合”，onspecialoccasions“在特殊场合”。situation与介词in搭配：inadifficultsituation“处境困难”，inunexpectedsituations“在意外情况下”。据此可知本题答案为C，题意是“除了在官方接待这样的正式场合，美国社会是较为随便的。”【例3】“Idon’tthinkit’smy________thattheTVblewup.Ijustturnediton，that’sall，”saidtheboy.A．errorB．mistakeC．faultD．duty[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。error，mistake和fault都可译为“错误”，但itisone’sfault是惯用法。如：It’snotmyfault./Whosefaultisitthatwe’relate？根据题意“我认为电视机爆炸不是我的错，我只是打开了电视，仅此而已。”可知答案为C。二、名词与动词的搭配playjokes/trickson开……的玩笑；捉弄takeadvantageof利用put...intopractice；turn...intoreality实行；实施taketroubletodosth.不辞劳苦地做某事havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难makeanefforttodosth.努力去做某事takepainstodosth.尽力去做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事takenonoticeof；paynoattentionto不注意；忽视keep/getintouch/contactwith；haveconnectionwith与……保持/取得/有联系keep/bear...inmind；learn...byheart记住；熟记putone’sheartinto...；putone’smindto...全身心地去做……take...intoaccount/consideration将……考虑在内takeaction；takemeasures采取措施take/followone’sadvice接受某人的建议makeanattempttodosth.试图做某事puzzleone’sbrainoversth.绞尽脑汁做某事takechargeof对……负责；掌管keepsb.company陪伴某人makeadifference起作用；与众不同makenodifference没有关系或影响；无关紧要haveanarrowescape九死一生comeintoexistence存在；成立findfaultwithsb.对某人吹毛求疵；找某人的岔子dosb.afavour帮助某人；帮某人的忙lend/givesb.ahand帮助某人have/form/developthehabitofdoingsth.有/养成……习惯make/leaveanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象haveaninfluence/impact/effecton/upon...对……有影响give/offersb.alift让某人搭便车；载某人一程takeamessageforsb.给某人捎个口信leavesb.amessage给某人留个口信bring/call...tomind使某人想起……satisfy/meet/coverone’sneeds/demands/requirements满足某人的需求/要求/条件cometopower执政；当权takepridein以……为豪；为……感到骄傲takepossessionof拥有keeparecordof记录；记载takeresponsibilityfor对……负责takearisk冒险makeroomfor为……腾出地方makesense有道理；是明智的；有意义三、名词作定语1．名词作定语，通常表示中心词的用途、材料或特性。如：acoffeecup；telephonenumber；paperflowers；weatherforecast；seatbelt；incometax；identitycard；stonebridge；hearttrouble2．名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，但个别词除外。如：aclothesshop服装店；asportsmeet运动会；asportscar跑车；awomandoctor一个女医生；threewomendoctors三位女医生四、名词的数1．下列名词是不可数名词：information；luggage；furniture；equipment；baggage；jewellery；machinery；clothing；fruit；luck；fun；health；wealth；weather；confidence；access；respect等。Whatfunwehadontheseashore!Everybodyhasaccesstothepubliclibrary.2．下列名词通常作不可数名词用，但当指“具体的人、事”时是可数名词：surprise；pleasure；satisfaction；honour；failure；success；help；delight；shock；fright；comfort；concern；pride等。Heisstillinastateofshock.他还是很吃惊。Thenewsofhisdeathcameasashocktousall.他去世的消息令我们很震惊。3．下列不可数名词可与不定冠词连用，特别是其前有形容词修饰时：interest；knowledge等。Hehasawideknowledgeofpaintingandmusic.4．下列名词有时可用作可数名词：tea；coffee。Twoteasandthreecoffees，please.5．下列名词常用复数形式：congratulations；greetings；regards；wishes；tears；belongings；surroundings等。Congratulationsonyourexamresults!6．下列名词是复数名词：police；people；folk(s)；cattle等。Thepoliceareinsearchoftheattemptedmurderer.7．下列名词作可数名词和不可数名词时，意义不同：过关落实1．Heandhiswifeareofthesame________；theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.A．soulB．spiritC．heartD．mind解析：beofthesamemind想法一样。答案：D2．Onethousanddollarsamonthisno