英语单词的构成派生词是由词根(主要是自由词根)加派生词缀构成;而词缀又有前缀和后缀的区别。前缀:大多数前缀并不影响词根的词性,而仅对词根的意义加以修饰,表示否定、相反、程度、时间、方位等意义。后缀:后缀具有较强的语法作用,加在词根上构成派生词,并不改变词根的基本意义,而是改变了词性。特点:简单词是由单一自由词素构成,多半是一些短小的词。举例:名词——boy(男孩)、girl(女孩)desk(桌子)、chair(椅子)形容词——kind(好心的)、cruel(残酷的)动词——give(给)、take(拿)介词——at\by\in\on\up\down例如well-known,right-hand,full-time词是由一个以上的词素构成。一、表示否定意义的前缀1、纯否定前缀;前缀举例un-unfit不合适的,unhappy不高兴的dis-discover发现,disagree不同意的in-/im-impossible不可能的,incorrect不正确的ir-irregular不规则的il-illegal不合法的mis-mistake错误,misuse错用non-non-stop不停的,non-smoker非吸烟者3、表示相反,相互对立的意思;re-“再;又;重”,例:rewrite重写a-的,多构成表语形容词。例:alone单独的,alike相像的tele-“远程的”,例:telephone电话,television电视en-“使”,构成动词。例:enlarge扩大,enable使能够inter-“关系”。例:Internet因特网international国际的1.Rosesaidthatitwas___fairifDadgavemeadictionarybutgaveheronlyadiary.2.Themother___dressedthebaby,thenputhiminabasinofwarmwater.3.Thoughhedidn’twinanymedalsinthelastsportsmeet,hewasnot___couraged.4.It’s___possibleforanyonetofinishtheworkwithinsuchashorttime.5.Pleasedon’t____understandwhatIhavesaid.后缀举例-alnation→national民族的,国家的;nature→natural自然的-able表示“有能力的”例:eat→eatable能吃的-an/ian表示“国家的,国家人的”。例:America→American美国(人)的-ive例:active积极的,collective集体的-ful例:beauty→beautiful美丽的,care→careful小心的-less表示否定,例:care→careless粗心的,use→useless无用的-ishchildish孩子气的,selfish自私的一、形容词后缀后缀举例-fy例:beauty→beautify美化-en例:wide→widen加宽,sharp→sharpen削,loose→loosen使松散-ly例:bad→badly坏地,easy→easily容易地-ward表示“方向”。例:backward向后,eastward向东二、动词后缀、副词后缀后缀举例-ment例:agree→agreement协议,move→movement运动-ness例:happy→happiness幸福,busy→business事务-tion例:explain→explanation解释,dictate→dictation听写-ist表示“人”,例:piano→pianist钢琴家,science→scientist科学家-th例:true→truth真理,long→length长度-er例:work→worker工人,buy→buyer买主-or例:act→actor演员,sail→sailor海员二、名词后缀1.Tomdidn’tpassthemid-termtestbecauseofhis__________(粗心)2.Althoughtheyaretwins,theyoftenhave__________(分歧)indoingthingstogether.3.Moreandmore__________(西方人)arebecominginterestedinChina.4.Learningtospeakaforeignlanguagecan________(丰富)one’slife.5.Heisadoctorwith________(耐心).6.Heisagoodp________.Heoftenpracticesplayingthepiano.(钢琴家)(1)合成名词①名词+现在分词例:English-speaking讲英语的,south-facing朝南的②名词+过去分词例:man-made人造的,water-covered被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例:snow-white雪白的,day-long整天的④形容词+名词+-ed例:warm-hearted热情的,kind-hearted好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例:good-looking好看的funny-looking滑稽的①名词+名词例:weekend周末,classroom教室,bookshop书店②名词+动名词例:handwriting笔迹,sun-bathing日光浴③动词+名词例:typewriter打字机,cookbook烹调书④名词+动词例:daybreak破晓,toothpick牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例:reading-room阅览室,sleeping-car卧车车厢(3)合成动词①副词+动词例:overthrow推翻,understand理解②形容词+动词例:broadcast广播,whitewash粉刷③名词+动词例:typewrite打字,sleepwalk梦游(4)合成副词①介词+名词例:underfoot脚下,beforehand事先②形容词+名词例:hotfoot匆忙地,someday有朝一日③形容词+副词例:anywhere任何地方,outwards向外合成词练习教室黑板白日梦下载说英语的深绿色人造的二手的蓝眼睛的梦游克服漂白后缀举例-shiprelationship关系/workmanship手艺-thwarmth热情/breadth宽度/width广博-tycruelty残酷/penalty处罚/bounty赏金-urecreature生物/seizure捕获,扣押-ymodesty谦逊/assembly会议,组合/analogy类似1、表示”小”的名词后缀;-clemiracle奇迹/speckle小斑点(表示个体,个别的意义)-culemolecule分子-el/-levessel船只/model模型-en/-inmaiden少女/bulletin公告-kinnapkin餐巾/manikin侏儒/cannikin小杯,小罐-lingunderling下属/seedling苗,幼木/duckling小鸭-letleaflet小叶子/hamlet小村落1、其他名词后缀;后缀举例-arydictionary字典/vocabulary字汇(表示集合体)-ary/-orydispensary药局/factory工厂(表示处所)-fulhandful一把,少数/monthful一口,少量(表示流满”,一..之量的意思)-merpolymer聚合体/dimer二量体(表示部分的意义)-ologybiology生物学/ecology生态学(表示学科)二、形容词后缀-able/-iblecomparable比得上的/explicable可解释的/audible可听见的(表示能···的意思)-alequal平等的/partial部分-ant/-entradiant发光的/diligent用心的-arfamiliar熟悉的/spectacular壮观的-ateornate装饰华丽的/cognate同族的-ary/-oryarbitrary独断的/compulsory强制的后缀举例-edaged年老的/sophisticated复杂的-engolden金制,金色的/earthen土,土制的-erneastern东方的/northern北方的(表方位)-fulregretful惋惜的/fruitful有利的(表充满的)-ic/icalelectric电子的/economical节约的/symbolical象徵性的-ilefacile容易的/hostile敌视的(表易于的意思)-inedivine神圣,庄严的/genuine真正的-ingpressing紧迫,切实的/agonizing烦恼,苦闷的-iorinterior内部的/superior上好的-iqueunique独特的/antique古代的(表风格的)-ishselfish自私的/childish孩子气的-ivemassive巨大,厚重的/deductive推论,演绎的-lessaimless漫无目的的/groundless无根据的-iteinfinite无限的/opposite相对的后缀举例-likechildlike孩子似的/womanlike女人似的-lyearthly地球的/leisurely从容的-mostforemost第一流的/utmost最大限度的-ousadvantageous有益的/vigorous精力充沛的-proofwaterproof防水的/foolproof极简单的(防···的)-somewearisome使疲倦的/handsome帅的-wardbackward向后,落后的/awkward笨拙的-yfoggy朦胧的/icy如冰,极冷的三、动词后缀-ateaccumulate累积,聚积/alternate交互,交替-uteattribute归因/persecute迫害,困扰-enlengthen加长,延长/worsen变化,恶化-esceevanesce消散/convalesce渐渐康复(动作开始)-ify/efynullify使无效,取消/liquefy溶解,液化-erflutter飘动,飘飞/glitter闪烁(表示反复动作)后缀举例-ishcherish珍爱/diminish减少,缩小-ize/-iseatronize赞助,惠顾/summarize摘要,概述/analyze分析-lestartle吃惊,惊吓/trickle细流/dazzle使眩眼四、副词后缀-foldhundredfold百倍地/trousandfold千倍地(表倍数)-lyroughly约略地/absolutely绝对-ward/-wardssouthward向南地/inward向内地/afterwards其后(表示方向)-way/-waysanyway无论如何/sideways斜地里/endways笔直地(表示方向或位置)-wiseotherwise不然的话/crosswise交叉地复合词通常上两个或两个以上自由词素构成。特点:复合词的组成部分有时连在一起写,有时用连字符号“-”连起来,有时则分开写,其规律很难概括。分类:复合名词、复合形容词、复合动词复合代词、复合介词、复合副词、叠声词形式举例N+Nfootball/classroom/housework/pencil-box铅笔盒N+V+inghandwriting书法/sun-bathing日光浴/letter-writing书信/watchmaking钟表制造业V+ing+Nworkingpeople劳动人民/runningwater流水/flyingfish飞鱼/sitting-room起居室/sleeping-pills安眠药/buildingmaterial建筑材料V+Npickpocket扒手/brea