宾语从句的用法

TheObjectClause（宾语从句）Welcometoourclass指导教师：何芙蓉授课教师:徐洪毅ShowLearningaimsTodaywe’lllearntheobjectclause.（宾语从句）Doyouknowwhattheobjectclauseis?,Afterlearningifyoucantellmewhattheobjectclauseis.I’llgiveyouagift(礼物）.Doyoulikeagift?1.Ihear(that)now.2.Ihear(that)friendly.3.Ihear(that)yesterday.4.Ihear(that)tomorrow.DoyouknowwhoisMary?Iknowmaybeyoudontkownher,butafterclassifyoucantellmewhoismary,I’llgiveyouagift,too,OK?Now,I’lltellyouastoryaboutMaryinChinese,ThenyoutellmeinEnglish,OK?Step11.我听说Mary正在工作。2.我听说她很友好。3.我听说她昨天病了。4.我听说她明天要去购物。MaryisworkingsheisshewasillsheisgoingshoppingStep21.Marysaid(that)sheyesterday.2.shesaid(that)shenow3.shesaid(that)shetomorrow.Maryletmetellyou.1.Mary说她昨天病了。2.她说她现在正在工作。3.她说明天要去购物。wasillwasworkingwasgoingshoppingStep31.MaryaskedyouyouEnglish.2.SheaskedyouyougoodatEnglish.3.Sheaskedyouyourname4.Sheaskedyouyou.5.SheaskedyouyouMaryletmeaskyou.1.Mary问你是否喜欢英语。2.她问你是否擅长英语。3.她问你的名字是什么。4.她问你住在哪里。5.她问你几点起床。iflikedwereifwhatWas.wherelivedwhattime/whengotup.Step41.Marytoldyoutheearththesun.2.Maryyouearly.3.Maryyoulateforschool.Maryletmetellyou1.Mary告诉你们地球围绕太阳转。2.Mary叫你们每天早点起床。3.Mary叫你们上学不要迟到了。goesaroundaskedtogetupaskednottobethat简单的说,宾语从句就是一个句子充当主句中的宾语成分。2.Ihear(that)Maryisworkingnow1.Marysaid(that)shewasillyesterday3.MaryaskedyouifyoulikedEnglish。4.Sheaskedyouwhenyougotupeveryday.5.Marytoldyou（that）theearthgoesroundthesun.注意情况A.语句的顺序：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。1.Sheaskedyouwhendidyougetup.(ⅹ)2.Sheaskedyouwhenyougotup.(√)B.时态的变化1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.g1.Ihear(that)Maryisworkingnow.2.Ihear(that)sheisfriendly.3.Ihear(that)shewasillyesterday.4.Ihear(that)shewillgoshoppingtomorrowB.时态的变化2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.g1.Marysaid(that)shewasillyesterday.2.shesaid(that)shewasworkingnow/then3.shesaid(that)shewouldgoshoppingtomorrow.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.g1.Marytoldyouthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2.MarysaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealthC.主要类型1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句2.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句3.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句C.宾语从句的第一种类型由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略.1.Marysaid(that)shewasillyesterday.2.shesaid(that)shewasworkingnow3.shesaid(that)shewouldgoshoppingtomorrow.C.宾语从句的第二种类型由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句1.Sheaskedyouwhatyournamewas.2.Sheaskedyouwhereyoulived.3.Sheaskedyouwhenyougotup.C.宾语从句的第三种类型由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句1.Maryaskedyouif/whetheryoulikedEnglish.2.Sheaskedyouifyouwereagoodstudent.注意：当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）whetheritisgoingtorainornot由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用whether或if引导，并且两词可以互用。一·从属连词：在宾语从句中都不充当成分1.that:无意义，无意思Ithinkthatyouareill.2.whether:“是否”常与or或ornot搭配Idon’tknowwhether/ifyouwillcome.3.if:“是否”Iaskediftheywouldwin.二.连接代词1.what:指物。在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语Ibelievewhatyousay.2.who:指人。在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。在宾语从句中充当宾语的时候，等于whomIdon’tknowwhoisyoursister.Idon’tknowwho/whomyoulove.3.which：表示一定的范围，意思为“哪一个”。Therearemanyhats,Idon’tknowwhichIwantto.4.whose:意思为“…的”，在宾语从句中充当定语Idon’tknowwhoseansweristure.三.连接副词：在宾语从句中充当状语when(时间)where(地点)why(原因)How(方式)D.宾语从句中的特殊情形宾语从句中的特殊情形：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意1.句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用“ask/tellsbtodo(nottodo)sth.”的句式。e.gDon’tbelateforschool.（用Mary作主语变为宾语从句）—Maryaskedyounottobelateforschool.E.宾语从句的标点符号宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gMaryaskedyouif/whetheryoucouldhelpher.DoyouknowwhereMaryis?PleasetellMarywhatcoloryoulikebest.WouldyoupleasetellMaryhowoldyouare?A.宾语从句是陈述句的语序“主语在前，谓语在后”Maryaskedyouwhenyougotup.B.宾语从句的时态1.Ihear(that)Maryisworkingnow.2.Marysaid(that)shewasillyesterday.3.Marytoldyouthattheearthgoesroundthesun.Summary(ABCDE)Summary(ABCDE)C.宾语从句的三种类型1.Marysaid(that)shewasillyesterday.2.Sheaskedyouwhereyoulived.3.Maryaskedyouif/whetheryoulikedEnglish.Summary(ABCDE)D.宾语从句中的特殊情形Don’tbelateforschool.（用Mary作主语变为宾语从句）—MaryaskedyounottobelateforschoolSummary(ABCDE)E.宾语从句标点符号1.Maryaskedyouif/whetheryoucouldhelpher.2.DoyouknowwhereMaryis?3.PleasetellMarywhatcoloryoulikebest.一.将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredoyoulive?Maryasked.2.Whatisyourname?CouldyoutellMary?3.DoyoulikeEnglish?Maryasked.4.“Iamworking.”Marysaid.5.“Don’tbelateforclass.”Marysaidtoyou.6.“Isitgoingtorainornot?”Marydoesn’tknow.Followups(随堂练习)Maryaskedwhereyoulived.Couldyoutellmewhatyournameis?MaryaskedifyoulikedEnglish.Marysaidthatshewasworking.Marytoldyounottobelateforclass.Marydoesn’tknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.Exercise1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundthesun.3.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)4.LingFengtoldmehe_________toBeijingseveraltimes.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusthatthesun_______intheeast.(rise)6.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhadbeenrisesdidWriting今天你们听说了有关Mary的好些事情，她也问了你们很多的问题，很关心你们，很希望与你们成为笔友，她希望你们用英文给她写一封信，信中请告诉她,她今天对你们的提问和你上期的schoolreportcard.WritingDearMary:Iamverygladthatyoucancometomyclass.Thanksfortea