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宾语从句&表语从句Unit3Grammar在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)宾语从句objectiveclauseIdon’tcarewhetherheisrichornot.I’vemadeitclearIwillnevergobackthere.主语谓语宾语从句主语谓语形式宾语宾语补足语宾语从句在从句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句一、宾语从句常见的类型：宾语从句动词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句形容词的宾语从句二、宾语从句的三种结构1.主句+that+从句2.主句+if/whether+从句3.主句+wh-等疑问词+从句1)EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.2)IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.3)Wemadeitclearthatwewouldnotgivein.注意：1.and连接两个宾语,that引导的宾语从句放在and后时不能省略2.当that作介词except,in等的宾语时3.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时,例如：think,find,consider+it+that从句1.宾语从句中that不可省略的情况【拓展】动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.1)Heanswered_______hewaslisteningtome.2)Idon’tknow______yousaid.3)Itoldhim______happenedtomelastnight.4)Idon’tknow______youaregoingtodo.5)Itsayshere,onthiscard,itwasusedinplays.whatthat用that/what填空whatthatwhatwhat除起连接作用，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.引导discuss的宾语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if.不能使用if的情况：Idon'tknow_________ornotyou'llgo.Hedoesn'tknow_________tovisitthatoldmanagain.I'minterestedin_______he'llgoornot.______helivesthere,Iwanttoknow.Wediscuss_______weshouldclosethestore.whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhether▲后面有ornot▲后面跟不定式时▲宾从在介词后▲当宾语从句置于句首时▲在动词discuss之后1.Heasked_____couldanswerthequestion.2.Doyouknow_________we’llhaveameeting?3.Pleasetellme_________heis.4.Canyoutellme_____Icangettothestation?5.Couldyoutellme_____thetrainislate?3.what,who,where,how,why,when等引导的宾语从句，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。whowhen/wherewhere/whohowwhy1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whosesonishe?Idon’tknowwhosesonishe.Idon’tknowwhosesonheis.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你是错的。1)Iknowthathe______(live)here.2)Tomisupsetnow,andIamgoingtotellyouwhat____________(happen)tohim.四、宾语从句的时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。liveshashappened2.如果主句是过去的时态,宾语从句必须用过去的某一种时态1)Heaskedwhetherhisfather___________(come)backtomorrow.2)Hesaidthathe________(see)it.wouldcomehadseenHetoldmetheearth_______(move)aroundthesun.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。moves在下列动词接that从句中用“should+动原”一个“坚持”和“渴望”insist（坚持要）desire,两个“命令”command,order(命令）三个“建议”suggest,propose,advise四个“要求”request,ask,demand,require注意事项1.Mikeinsistedthatwe_________________(be)lateforschool.2.Thedoctororderedthatshe_____________(stay)inbedforafewdays.(should)notbe(should)stay1)Idon’tknow______hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,IwilltellyouA.If；whetherB.whether;whetherC.if;ThatD.if;IfPractice2)Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what3)___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because4)____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif5)Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how6)Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because7)(2015安徽，25)Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot________shipsarebuiltfor.“________shipsarebuiltfor”为表语从句，该从句中缺少宾语且表示“事物”，故答案为what。what1.Theradiosaysit_______(be)cloudytomorrow.2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______(go)well.3.Iheardthey____________(return)italready.4.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)willbegoeshadreturnedrisesFillintheproperformofthewordsgiven1.Ihear___________________________.(他参军了)2.Sheaskdme_________________________________.(我会不会接受她的道歉)3.Heasked_______________________________________.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Weshouldbegratefulfor________________.(我们所拥有的）thathehasjoinedthearmyif/whetherIwouldacceptherapologywhatwehave/getwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass1由从属连词that引导3由who,,whatwhere,how,why,when引导2由从属连词whether,if引导Summary:三、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）二、宾语从句的三种结构一、宾语从句常见的类型语序时态•表语从句表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后常见的系动词分为三种：A．表示特征和状态：be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等B．表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等C．表示某种状态的：remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等注意：1.在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause….Itis/waswhy….3.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….4Thereasonisbecause/why…that….1.Thereason______wedidn'ttrusthimwas______heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsentwas______hewasill.reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：whythatthatthat1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when