翻译技巧——长难句翻译

TranslationSkillsTranslationofLong,ComplexSentencesTranslation一、英语句型1.简单句2.复合句3.并列句1.简单句（onesubject-predicateconstruction）Hegotupat6thismorning.Thismorning,hegotupat6,washedhisface,hadasimplebreakfast,andthenwenttoschool.2.复合句（mainclause+subordinateclause）主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句形容词性从句定语从句主句+从属分句时间地点原因结果副词性从句状语从句条件方式目的让步比较3.并列句（subject+predicate+subject+predicate+…）Thismorning,hegotupat6,washedhisface,hadasimplebreakfast,andthenhewenttoschool.并列连词：and,but,so,or,fornotonly…butalso;ononehand…ontheotherhand;foronething…foranother;neither…nor;either…or;…4.复杂句并列句（复合句）复合句（并列句）AsreportscametoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspotted35milessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously,butasevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfeltobligedtoinvestigateforthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.二、长难句的翻译1.句法解构grammaticalstructureChinesenativerangetranslationlogicalrelationshipsbetweensubordinatedclausesanalysisanalysisProcessoftheTranslationalongsentence剔除枝叶，析出主干Thetobaccoindustry,coupledwithHollywoodmoviesinwhichbothmaleandfemaleheroessmokedlikechimneys,completelywonoverpeoplelikemyfather,whowerehopelesslyhookedbycigarettes.烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影片中的男女主角都是老烟鬼——把像我父亲那样的人完完全全争取了过去，他们无可救药地抽烟上了瘾。SPOThenearestpersonhecouldcontactbyradio,hecouldn’thelpthinkingifsomethingshouldhappen,wouldbeonanisland225milesaway.2.翻译方法1）顺译Studiesshowthatdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.研究结果表明，大多数医生深信身患重病的人不想知道他们的真实病情。如果告知实情，则有可能使他们完全失去希望;从而使他们恢复得更慢，或恶化得更快，甚至自寻短见。ObjectClauseObjectClauseObjectClauseAdverbialClauseInthesepoorcountries,asinAmericaninnercitiesandonreservations,moneythatshouldbespentforfoodgoesinsteadtothetobaccocompanies;overtime,peoplestarvethemselvesofbothfoodandair,effectivelyweakeningandhookingtheirchildren,eventuallykillingthemselves.SP就像在美国的市中心和印第安人的居留地上发生的事一样，在这些贫困的国家里，那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这样不但大大削弱了孩子们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾,最终使他们丧命。2.换序状语提前IrealizenowthatasachildIsatby,throughtheyears,andliterallywatchedmyfatherkillhimself:surelyonesuchvictoryinmyfamily,fortheprosperousleaderswhoownthetobaccocompanies,isenough.现在，我意识到了，当我还是一个孩子的时候，许多年中，我实际上是一直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自杀。对于那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。PSPSP总分（先笼统后明确）分总（先明确后笼统）Andyetthisisonlyapart,andprobablyarelativelyminorpart,ofthemoreseriousandvastlygreaterproblemofthemaintenanceofthegenetichealthofthehumanspecies.保护人类基因健康是个更加需要认真对待的、不知要重大多少的问题，但以上所述不过是问题的一个方面，而且相对说来还是很次要的一个方面。PracticeThefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimagine②thattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnology,③withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.那些最早研究电的性质的人们可能并没有料到,他们那些只是出于求知的欲望而进行的实验,最终竟产生了现代电业科技,而没有这种科技我们当今的生活简直是不可想象的。（①--②--③）①HehadflowninjustthedaybeforefromGeorgia②wherehehadspenthisvacationbaskingintheCaucasiansun③afterthecompletionoftheconstructionjob④hehadbeenengagedininthesouth他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上乔治亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。（④--③--②--①）（按照时间的先后顺序安排）①Ifeel②thateverybookopensbeforemeawindow③throughwhichIseeanunthinkablynewworld④whenthebooktellsmeaboutnever-heardofandnever-seencharacters,sentiment,ideasandattitudes.我觉得，当书本给我讲到闻所未闻，见所未见的人物、感情、思想和态度时，似乎是每一本书都在我面前打开了一扇窗户，让我看到了一个不可思议的新世界。（①--④--③--②）QuizinClass1.Thereisalsoaninformalnetworkofconnectionsthatenablesageneraltocallascientisttogethissontobeadmittedtoaninstitute,ascientisttowrangleareturndraftdeferment,oramoviescriptwriterwhohasproducedagoodSovietspyfilmtocallthesecurityservicestogetpermissionforhiswifeanddaughtertotraveltotheWest.2.Asheclimbedonthechairatnighttowindtheold,long-pendulumed,double-weightedclock,orwentfinallytothefrontandthebackdoortoseethattheyweresafelyshutin,itwasacomforttoknowthatPhoebewasthere,probablyensconcedonhersideofthebed,andthatifhestirredrestlesslyinthenight,shewouldbetheretoaskwhathewanted.3.Inmostofthetenements,thewindowswereup.Clean-shavenmenincolorlessshirtsorinunderwear,womenwithapronsorsloppypinkwrappersleanedonthesillsandgazedwithaimlessinterestatthestreet,thesky,thosewhowerepassingbelow.Thus,theywouldspendmostofeverySundaymorningthroughthecomingsummerandnow,inthefirstflushofmildweather,theyhadalreadytakenuptheirposts.4.Ifyoupushasharpstickthrougharubberballandtwirlitwithtwofingers,theballspinsaroundinmuchthesamewaytheearthisspinningatthisverymoment.