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第二部分基础语法突破专题十二构词法一、合成法合成词例词合成名词n.＋n.snowman雪人，network网络，cowboy牛仔，newspaper报纸n.＋v.daybreak破晓，sunrise日出，sunset日落合成名词n.＋v.-ingevildoing坏事，facemaking扮鬼脸，handwriting书法v.-ing＋n.diningroom餐厅，swimmingpool游泳池，writingdesk写字桌v.＋n.postcard明信片，pickpocket扒手，playground操场adj.＋n.nobleman贵族，greenhand新手，fineedition精美版合成形容词adj.＋n.-edkind-hearted好心的，middle-aged中年的，white-colored白色的，absent-minded心不在焉的adj.＋v.-inggood-looking样子好看的，fine-looking美貌的，easy-going随和的adj.＋n.full-time全日的，part-time业余的，兼职的，first-hand第一手的，first-aid急救的n.＋v.-edman-made人造的，water-covered被水覆盖的，stone-covered被石头覆盖的合成形容词n.＋v.-ingpeace-loving热爱和平的，acid-forming酸性的，English-speaking说英语的adv.＋v.－edpartly-roofed部分房顶覆盖的，so-called所谓的合成副词anywhere任何地方，however然而，nowadays现今，maybe可能，outdoors户外，upstairs楼上，otherwise否则，upright笔直二、派生法派生词例词名词后缀-ertraveller旅行者，hunter猎人，reader读者，worker工人-oractor男演员，director导演，inventor发明者，发明家-eseChinese中国人，Japanese日本人，Portuguese葡萄牙人-ianAustralian澳大利亚人，Austrian奥地利人，Canadian加拿大人-istartist艺术家，communist共产主义者，novelist小说家，physicist物理学家名词后缀-mentmovement运动，government政府，judgement判断，agreement同意，协议-nessbusiness生意，illness疾病，weakness虚弱；缺点，happiness幸福-tionoperation手术，celebration庆祝，congratulation祝贺，action行动形容词后缀-able/-iblecomfortable舒适的，enjoyable愉快的，acceptable可接受的-ical/-al/-ialnatural自然的，national国家的，international国际的，actual实际的形容词后缀-anAmerican美国(人)的，African非洲(人)的，European欧洲(人)的-fulcareful仔细的，beautiful美丽的，hopeful有希望的，wonderful精彩的-inginteresting令人感兴趣的，moving打动人的，exciting令人兴奋的-iveactive积极的，expensive昂贵的，native当地的，progressive前进的，有进展的-lesscareless粗心的，useless无用的，harmless无害的，homeless无家可归的-lyfriendly友好的，motherly母亲般的，monthly每月的，weekly每周的动词后缀-fybeautify美化，satisfy使满意，terrify使恐怖，simplify简化，purify净化-endeepen加深，ripen使成熟，sharpen使变尖-ise/-izeapologize道歉，organize组织，realize意识到，recognize认出，criticise批评副词后缀-lyroughly粗糙地，quietly轻轻地，silently沉默地，sadly悲伤地，slowly慢慢地-ward(s)northward朝北，southward朝南，downward向下，upward向上，towards向，朝数词后缀-teenthirteen13，fourteen14，fifteen15，sixteen16，seventeen17，eighteen18，nineteen19-thfourth第四，fifth第五，sixth第六，eighth第八，ninth第九，hundredth第一百-tytwenty20，thirty30，forty40，fifty50，sixty60，seventy70，eighty80，ninety90前缀dis-否定disable丧失能力，disarrange打乱，discharge准许(某人)离开；排出im-/in-不impossible不可能的，impolite不礼貌的，incorrect不正确的un-不undoubtedly毫无疑问地，unexpectedly未预料到地，unhappy不高兴的，uncover揭开re-再/又review复习，retell复述，rewrite重写，replace取代，return返回，返给tele-远telephone电话，television电视，telegram电报，telecamera远距离摄影机non-不non-drinker不喝酒的人，non-profit非营利的，non-payment未付款三、转化法转化例词名词↑↓动词hand手；递watch手表；观看smoke烟；吸烟fish鱼；钓鱼名词↑↓形容词light光线；轻的wrong错误；错的right右边；右边的；对的动词↑↓形容词clean打扫；干净的close关上；近的free使自由；自由的副词↑↓形容词enough足够地；足够的last最后；最后的hard努力；困难的一、基础过关Ⅰ.根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空1．Mostinternational________(busy)lettersarewritteninEnglish，too.2．Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege________(expensive)．3．Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________(boil)water.4．Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea________(music)．5．Thewholeprocesshasnowbeengreatly________(simple)．6．Theboyhadthe________(appear)ofbeinghalfstarved.7．Itcanbevery________(satisfy)toworkinthegarden.8．Dennisis________(happy)abouthavingtoworkonSaturdays.9．Itismuchmore________(comfort)totravelbyairthanbyship.10．Itwasbecauseofhis________(care)thatthecaraccidenthappened.11．Shehaddonesomethingwrongandtoldusshewas________(true)sorryaboutit.12．Onhis________(arrive)attheairport，hereceivedawarmwelcomefromtheteachersandstudents.13．Theweatheratthemomentisnot________(type)forJuly.14．Shewasgoingtotakepartintheparty，buta(n)________(expected)guestdroppedinonher.15．Themeetingsupposedtobe________(success)turnedouttobeafailureintheend.答案：1.business2.expenses3.boiling4.musician5．simplified6.appearance7.satisfying8.unhappy9.comfortable10.carelessness11.truly12.arrival13.typical14.unexpected15.successfulⅡ.单句改错1．Thecoursewillhelpstudentssharptheirwritingskills.________2．Thisblouseisfitforheratall.It'stoolongandthecolorhasrun.________3．Thespermwhalecandivetoadeepofmorethan1000metersinthesea.________4．JackieChanisaveryfamousactress.Hehasplayedmanyimportantpartsindifferentfilms.________5．Personal,I'dratherstayathomewatchingTV.________6．Becauseofherill,shecan'tgooutforthesightseeing.________7．Thankyouforyourdescribeoftheconditionshere.________8．ShewasevenmorebeautythanIhadremembered.________9．Sheoffereduslotsofvalueinformation,whichplayedanimportantpartincatchingthethief.________10．Wewishyouapleasurejourneybackhome.________11．Thefoodwasgoodbuttheservewaspoor.________12．Therecomesalargecollectionofsoldiersinthedistant.________13．Thedoctorsaidthatthepatiencewasbetteraftertheoperation.________14．Somepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscovermightchangethewholesocietycompletely.________15．Traditionallyspeaking,RussiaisaEuropecountry.________答案：1.sharp改为sharpen2．fit改为unfit3．deep改为depth4．actress改为actor5．Personal改为Personally6．ill改为illness7．describe改为description8．beauty改为beautiful9．value改为valuable10．pleasure改为pleasant11．serve改为service12．distant改为distance13．patience改为patient14．discover改为discovery15．Europe改为European二、高分突破用所给词的适当形式填空1．Imadehim________(comfort)onthebackseatandofferedhimsomewate