第十一讲特殊句式和主谓一致一、倒装种类倒装条件例句全部倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,onthewall,underthetree等置于句首,且主语是名词时。①Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,awayfledthethief.温馨提示上述情况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。②Awaytheywent.(2)代词such放在句首,且在句中作表语时。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.种类倒装条件例句全部倒装(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密,常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。①PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhiteandmanyotherguests.②Hangingonthewallisabeautifulpicture.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。①(2013·高考江西卷)OnlywhenheapologizesforhisrudenesswillIspeaktohimagain.②OnlythendidIknowtheimportanceoflearning.(2)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never,seldom,little,hardly,bynomeans,notuntil等)位于句首时。NeverbeforehassheseenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(3)hardly...when,nosooner...than,notonly...but(also)...等引导两个分句时,若hardly,nosooner,notonly位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。①HardlyhadIreachedthebusstopwhenthebusstarted.②Notonlywasthecoatsoft,butitwasalsowarm.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(4)so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。①Heisadoctor.Soishiswife.②Lilycan’tride,neither/norcanLucy.(5)so/such...that...句型中,当such+n.或so+adj./adv.位于句首时,主句部分倒装,that从句不倒装。①SosmallwasthemarketthatIcouldhardlyseeit.②Socarelesslydidthedrivethathealmostkilledhimself.种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(6)though/as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词。常见结构:状语/表语/动词+though/as+主谓结构。①Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.②Unsatisfiedthoughhewaswiththepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.(7)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语之前。HadIattendedthemeeting,IwouldhavemetJim.1.(2014·高考陕西卷)Nosooner________steppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.A.hadMoYanB.MoYanhadC.hasMoYanD.MoYanhasA解析:考查倒装句以及时态。句意:莫言一登上舞台,观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。nosooner...than...“一……就……”是一个固定搭配,而且主句通常用过去完成时态;nosooner置于句首时,其后用部分倒装,所以选择A项。2.(2014·高考大纲全国卷)________thenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.A.NotdoonlyB.DonotonlyC.OnlynotdoD.Notonlydo解析:考查倒装句。句意:护士们不仅要求提高工资,还要求缩短工作时间。notonly在句首引起句子时,该句用部分倒装,其结构为notonlydo/will/canetc.,因此D项正确。D3.(2014·高考湖南卷)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart________goodrelationshipswithothers.A.willyoukeepB.youwillkeepC.youkeptD.didyoukeep解析:考查倒装句。句意:唯有找到内心的宁静,方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时,句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中,时间状语从句whenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart被only修饰,且置于句首,故主句用部分倒装结构。A二、强调句强调句(1)Itis/was...that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调.当强调部分为“人”时,可用that或who,其他情况下用that。(2014·高考湖南卷)It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodothatmakeslifehappy.(2)一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+...that/who...?特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?①Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.Whatisitthathasmadehimwhatheistoday?②Wasitonalonelyislandthathewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?强调句谓语动词(3)“not...until...”句型的强调句:Itis/wasnotuntil...that...(2013·高考天津卷)Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletterthatshementionedherownplan.do/does/did+动词原形(只用于肯定句,并且只有现在时和过去时)①Idohopeyoucantakemyplanintoconsideration.②Hedidwritetoyoulastnight.1.(2014·高考四川卷)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool________Mr.Smithgotangry?A.whyB.whoC.whereD.that解析:考查强调句型。强调句型结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分+that+剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将Itis/was与that去掉,看剩余句子成分是否完整。经判断,“BecauseJackcamelateforschool,Mr.Smithgotangry.”句子成分完整,因此可以断定本句是强调句,空格处应用that。另外,由“Wasit...?”可知本句为强调句型的一般疑问形式。D2.(2014·高考福建卷)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,________madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.A.whereB.whyC.thatD.what解析:考查强调句型。句意:是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。该题强调主语theculture,其中ratherthanthelanguage为插入语,是迷惑部分,所以空格处应用that。C三、省略状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。①(2015·芜湖一中高三模拟)EverydayafterIwenthome,ifnottiredfromwork,Iwillgooutforawalkwithmywife.②(2013·高考天津卷)Althoughsmall,thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.宾语从句“替代性”省略:not与beafraid,hope,think,believe,suppose,expect等连用,代替否定的宾语从句,so代替肯定的宾语从句,但表示否定意义时,hope与beafraid只用Ihope/amafraidnot的形式,而think,believe,suppose等有两种形式,即:Ithink/believe/supposenot和Idon’tthink/believe/supposeso。①—Doyouthinkitwillrain?—Ihopenot/so.②—Dotheymindyousmokingthere?—Idon’tthinkso/Ithinknot.动词不定式(1)感官动词或使役动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,let,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to,但在被动语态中不能省略(let除外)。①Iheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.②Mymotherwouldn’tletmegotoseethefilm.(2)在donothingbutdo,can’thelpbutdo,whynotdo,wouldratherdo...thando...,prefertodo...ratherthando...等句型中省略to。Iwouldprefertoswimratherthanplayfootball.不定式符号to的省略动词不定式不定式的省略(1)使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被省略的动词,常在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后边。Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto.(2)在某些形容词如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替省略的动词。—Willyoujoininthegame?—I’dbegladto.(3)如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留be,have和havebeen。—Areyouasailor?—No,butIusedtobe.1.(2014·高考湖南卷)Children,when________bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.A.tobeaccompaniedB.toaccompanyC.accompanyingD.accompaniedD解析:考查省略。when引导时间状语从句,逻辑主语是题干的主语children,把该时间状语从句补充完整为whenchildrenareaccompaniedbytheirparents。根据状语从句省略的条件,可以省去主语和系动词,故选D。2.(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice________.A.nottodoB.nottoC.notdoD.donotB解析:考查动词不定式符号to的保留、不定式符号to后面的省略以及不定式的否定形式。句意:那个司机想把他的小