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ReligioninBritainI.GeneralIntroductionofthethreemainworldreligions1.BuddhismItwasfoundedinthe6thcenturyB.C.bySakyamuni.ItsdoctrineisfoundinBuddhistScripture.2.IslamItwasfoundedinthe7thcenturybyMohammed.ThedoctrineofIslamisfoundin“Quran”.3.ChristianityItcameintobeinginA.D.30anditsdoctrineistheHolyBible.II.ChristianChurchinBritain1.TheAnglicanChurch–ChurchofEnglandA.ItcameintobeingduringtheEuropeanReformationof16thcentury.B.Itisthemostimportantdenominationanditistheestablishedchurch,whichmeansitrepresentstheofficialstatereligion,havingcertaindutiestowardstheState,andreceivingcertainprivilegesFromit.C.ItstemporalheadistheQueen,andthe26ofitshighestpriestssitintheHouseofLords.DifferencebetweenRomanCatholicChurchandChurchofEngland•1.ChurchofEnglandhasnostrongcentralauthority.VSRomanCatholicsthroughouttheworldrecognizethesupremeholyauthorityofthePopeinRomeandoftheChurchorpriesthoodingeneral,buttheAnglicanChurchreliesmoreontheBible,whichisnotalwayseasytointerpret,andleavesmanyquestionstoindividualconsciences.•2.TheHolyCommunion---thebreadandwineRC---actuallybecamethebodyandbloodofChristEC---simplyrepresentations.ChurchofEngland•1.ItisestablishedonlyinEngland,notinScotland,WalesandIreland.•2.inspiritualmatters,ithasnostrongcentralauthority.•3.eveninEnglanditisonlyaminority.•TherearemillionRomanCatholic,andmany‘free’or‘non-conformist’Churches.2.TheFreeChurchesA.FormingManyprotestantsobjectedthattheAnglicanchurchhadnotmovedfarenoughawayfromtheChurchofRoman.TheythoughttheAnglicanChurchhadnotcompletedthrownawaytherulesandservicesoftheChurchofRome.TheNonconformistswantedtobefreetochoosetheirownformofchurchorganizationandservices,sotheyformedtheirown.B.NonconformistdenominationsTheydonothavearchbishopsandtheirchurchesandservicesareverysimple.a.FreeChurchb.TheMethodist卫理会教派Themainreligionofthepeopleinmanynorthernminingandindustrialareas,andalsoinWales.Theyhavearegularformofchurchservice.c.TheCongregationalChurchlate16thC.公理会教派d.theBaptistChurch17thC.Theyinsistedthatthechurchshouldbeindependent,againstanyinterferencefromoutside.浸理会e.Presbyterianchurch长老会f.ThePentecostalchurch五旬节派g.Quakers=theSocietyofFriends贵格会Theywerefoundedinthe17thcenturywithoutministersandorganizedservices.Theybelievestronglyinpeaceandhelpingpeopleintrouble.Quakers•“Puritanism”•ItdeterminedtopurifytheEnglishChurchofallthecorruptionandceremonialpompoftheRomanChurchofthattime.•Asanattitudeofmind,puritanismindicatessternsimplicityandstrictmorality.•OntheSabbath,ortheLord’sdayagainstsacrilegelikework,commerce,gamesandentertainment.•‘temperancesocieties’节酒，forbidgambling,smokinganddancing,------kill-joys•Reputationforabsolutehonesty3.TheOtherReligiousDenominationsA.TheJewishFaithMorethanhalfliveinLondon.B.TheCatholicChurchTheleaderistheCardinalArchbishopofWestminster.TheUKisdividedinto8Catholicprovinces.C.PresbyterianchurchinScotlandhasaformofgovernment.D.TheChurchesinWales:CalvinistorPresbyterianchurchesIII.TheDeclineofReligion1.DeclineThemoststrikingthingaboutreligionisalargeproportionofpeoplearenotreallyinterestedinitatall.2.ReasonsforthisA.Thesuccessesofmodernscience.B.Thegeneralimprovementinsocialconditionsandthevarietyofmodernentertainment.C.TheDarwin’stheoryofevolutioncontributedtothedecline.3.Non-ChristianreligionsJewsandafewMuslimsandBuddhists.Theonlywidespreadnon-ChristianreligionisthatofJews.4.TherelicsofsuperstitionfoundinBritainareconnectedchieflywithvaguenotionsofgoodluckandbadluck.walkunderaladder,spillsalt,breakamirror,havesthtodowith13—badluckhorseshoe---bringlucktouchwood—preventmisfortuneIV.TheSituationoftheReligioninBritain1.ReligioninBritainisplayinganincreasinglylessimportantroleinthesociallife.2.Itisofmuchsignificanceinliteratureandartandinwesterncivilization.ThankYouChristianity•ItreferstoalldoctrinesandreligiousgroupsbasedontheteachingofJesusChrist.•Itwasfoundedinthe1stcenturyinPalestine.•JesusChristisacceptedbyChristiansasthesonofGod,andhisteachingiscontainedintheBible,theholybookofChristianity.•Ithasthreemaingroups:RomanCatholicChurchOrthodoxEasternChurchProtestantChurch•InChrist’steaching,love,humility,repentanceandprayerleadtoeverlastinghappinessinHeaven.•TheTrinityinChristianityistheunionofGod,JesusandHolySpirit.TheyarethreeaspectsofthesameoneGod.JesusChrist•JesusChristwasaJewwholivedinPalestine2000yearsagoandisacceptedbyChristiansasthesonofGod.•HewasborntoavirginnamedMary.•Histeachingwasbasedonlove,loveofGod,andloveofourneighbors.•HisteachingandaccountsofhislifearecontainedintheNewTestamentoftheBible.TheBibleItistheholybookofChristianityandconsistsoftwotestaments.TheOldTestamentcontainstheJewishwritingsbeforethecomingofChrist.ThemuchshorterNewtestamentcontainsfouraccountsofthelifeofChrist,followedbythewritingsoftheearlyChristians,ofwhomStPaulwasthegreatest.Back