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取得英语语法成功的基石句子成分和句子的基本类型句子成分•主谓宾–主语(subject)–谓语(predicate)–宾语(object)•定语(attribute)•状语(adverbial)•补语(complement)•同位语(appositive)•表语(predicative)主语谓语宾语•观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的“主语”、“谓语”、“宾语”吗?•因此这是个典型的“主谓宾”句型。Ibeatyou.主语谓语宾语SVO主语(Subject)•主语是动作的主体部分–在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者•IteachyouEnglish.–在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者•Youarebeaten.•主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。–Twelvedividedbyfouristhree.（数词）•主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。–WhatIwanttodoisjointheparty.–Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.–TolearnEnglishisdifficult.谓语(Predicate)•谓语表示一个动作、行为，是由动词充当的。–IteachyouEnglish.•一个句子能不能没有谓语？•影响动词形式的五大要素：•人称；数；时态；语态；语气谓语不能宾语(Object):•宾语的分类：–动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。•Iloveyou.–介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。•Iwanttogivethisbooktoyou.•宾语一般由名词、代词充当。•宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。–Hetoldmethathefeltlonely.–Helikesswimming.动宾介宾定语(Attributive):•定语的作用–用于修饰、限定名词或代词。•定语一般由？？？充当。–abeautifulgirl•定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。–apencilbox定语形容词定语(Attributive):•定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。–ThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.–aninterestingbook–ameetingtoattend•定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。–Themanoverthere–Thebooksontheshelf状语(Adverbial)•状语是用于修饰副词、形容词、动词或句子的成分。•状语一般由？？？充当。–Thoseproblemsareveryhard.•形容词也可以充当状语。–Happytoseehim,sheforgoteverything.副词状语(Adverbial)•介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。–TheymanagedtofinishthejobbeforeMonday.–Theoldmansatonthebench,enjoyingthesun-set.–Ashewasleavingtheoffice,itstartedtorain.补语(Complement)•补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。•补语一般由名词或形容词充当。Don’tleavemealone.Thewarmadehimasoldier.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.宾语补足语补语(Complement)•非谓语动词，介词词组也可以充当补语。•Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.•Ioftenfindhimatwork.•随着语态的变化，主语补语和宾语补语是发生变化的。–EveryonecallshimJack.（宾补）–HeiscalledJack.（主补）表语(predicative)•表语是系动词后面的成分。•表语一般由名词或形容词充当。•Iamastudent.•Thedishtastesdelicious.Notice:这是一句“SVC”句型不是“SVO”be,become,get,turn,grow,come,taste,feel,sound,look,smell,stay,keep,remain,prove???表语(predicative)•副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句都可以在系动词后充当表语。–Timeisup.–Theyareintheclassroom.–Theplaceiswherewefirstmeteachother.–Thenewsisexciting.同位语(Appositive)•同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明•同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当–TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.•名词性从句也可以充当同位语•Thenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme.强化练习一．提出下列句子划线部分的句子成分。1.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendtheconference.2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmishismother.3.AftertheFirstWorldWarMadameCuretravelledtotheUSA,whereshewasreceivedbythePresidentandgivenagramofradiumforherfuturework.4.Hethereforeloadedtheshipwithlitresofvinegarforthepurposeofcleaningoftheship.5.Theydevelopedawayoflifesuitableforthishotanddrycountryinmanyplaces.宾语定语定语状语定语6.AsIwalkedthroughthecourtyard,InoticedhowtheCambodianwomandevotedhourstocleaningcarefullyatinyareaofstone.7.Whatshewasafraidofwastheirtakingherdaughterabroad.8.FewrealizethattheEnglishlanguageisactuallyGermanic（日耳曼语的）initsbeginningandthattheFrenchinfluencearealltheresultofoneman’sambition.9.Thethirdtimeheleft,Iwenttothewindowtoseewhathewasdoing.10.Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.宾语表语宾语状语表语二．分析下列句子成分。1.Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.2.Wefinditimpossibletofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedseemedimportant.4.ThetowntowardswhichwearemovingistheoneIusedtolivein.5.Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim.主语谓语宾语宾补形宾宾补真宾定语表语定语定语时状主语谓语宾语目状二．分析下列句子成分。6.Weheardawarningontheradiothatahurricaneisonitsway.7.Itwasapitythatyoudidn’twatchthatwonderfulfootballmatch.8.Manyaccidentswhichoccurinthestreetscouldbepreventedifweweremorecareful.9.Thewatchwhichhermothergavetoherworksverywell.10.Hisdelayofanhourisduetothefactthatthetrainmetwithaminoraccident.宾语同位语从句主语表语主语从句定语从句条件状语定语从句宾语同位语从句三．选出最佳选项。1.Thepersonwespoketo___noansweratfirst.A.makeB.makingC.makesD.made2.Whodoyouthink___usatalkthisafternoon?A.togiveB.gaveC.willgiveD.giving3、Thedayswelookforwardto____atlast.A.comesB.tocomeC.cameD.coming4.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof___ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns5.Weshoulddoallwecan___him.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helpsDCCCA6.Whyalltheboysfellillsuddenly___stillunknown.A.areB.wasC.isD.were7.“Can’tyouread”?Marysaid___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing8.Whomwouldyouratherhave___withyou？A.togoB.goneC.goD.went9.Whatdoyouconsider__tothem?A.tohappenB.hashappenedC.happeningD.happen10.___fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.BeingsufferedBACBC