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Unit1GreatScientistsScientists:WarmingUpTherearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?AlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneWrightBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativityScientists&Contributions:Doyouknow?•Whodiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?•Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?ArchimedesCharlesDarwin•Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?ThomasNewcomen•Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?GregorMendel•Whodiscoveredradium?•Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?•Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?MariesCurieThomasEdisonLeonardodaVinci•Whoinventedalamptokeepminersafeunderground?•Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?•Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?SirHumphreyDavyZhangHengStephenHawkingJohnSnowWhohelpedtodefeatthedisease?What'sthenameofthedisease?CholeraJohnSnowisawell-knowndoctorinthe19thcenturyinLondonandhedefeated“KingCholera”.Doyouknowwhatkindofdiseaseischolera?Itisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.Drawaconclusion(得出结论)Thinkofamethod(找出研究方法)Collectresults(收集材料)Makeupaquestion(形成研究主题)Findaproblem(发现问题)Analysetheresults(分析材料)Findsupportingevidence(寻找证据)Whatorderdoyouputthemin?Why?Pre-readingThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeupaquestionFindaproblemAnalysetheresultsDrawaconclusionFindsupportingevidenceDrawaconclusionFindaproblemMakeupaquestionThinkofamethodCollectresultsAnalysetheresultsPara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6MatchthemFindsupportingevidencePara7Let’sgettoknowhowDr.JohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera”in1854inLondoninthisreadingpassage:JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.B.ThecauseofCholerawaspollutedwater.C.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D.HowJohnSnowfindthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit.Skimming•Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.•----JohnSnowbegantotestthetwotheories.•----AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854•----JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap•----Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease•----JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere•----KingCholerawasdefeated•----Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump•----Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump21473856Whatistheproblem?Thecholerawasthemost_____diseaseofitsday.Neitherits____,norits___was________.Whatcausedcholera?Details1.FindaproblemdeadlycausecureunderstoodWhichtheoryiscorrect?Cholera________intheairwithoutreason.Acloudofdangerousgaswould______arounduntilitfoundits________.People_______itwiththeirmeals.2.makeupaquestionmultipliedfloatvictimsabsorbed3.thinkofamethodAmapofBroadStreetWhatmethoddidheuse?Manydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Publichouse4.collectresultsanalyzetheresults:Whathappenedtothepumpwater?Thewaterwasfromthe____whichhadbeen_______bythe_________fromLondon.5.analysetheresultsriverpolluteddirtywaterWhatextraevidencedidhefind?Awomanandherdaughterwholivedfarawaybutdrankthewateralsodied.7.drawaconclusionwithcertaintyThepollutedwatercarriedthedisease.6.findsupportingevidenceCarefulReading•Task1:•Whathappenedin1854?•Howmanypeoplediedin10days?•WhyistherenodeathatNo.20and21BroadStreetaswellasatNo.8and9CambridgeStreet?CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.500ThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.1Whycouldn’tthecholerabeundercontrolatfirst?2WhichtheorydidJohnSnowbelievein?Neitheritscause,notitscurewasunderstood.Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Task2:Readandanswer3JohnSnowfinallyprovedthetheoryhebelievedby________.A.gatheringinformationwiththehelpofamapB.lookingintothesourceofthewaterforBroadStreetandCambridgeStreetC.separatingthosewhosufferedcholerafromthosewhodidn’tD.bothAandB4What’stheextraevidence?5Topreventthecholerafromspreadingagain,whatdidJohnSnowdo?Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexaminedandinstructedthewatercompaniesnottoexposepeopletothepollutedwateranymore.Awomanandherdaughterwholivedfarawaybutdrankthewateralsodied.1.DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.2.Choleraisa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyarebothserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.