考点10:名词真题再练在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由。1.(2015卷I·65)…seekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_________(painting).因被many修饰,故要用复数形式。paintings2.(2014卷I·49)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe_________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.作主语要用名词,或者说冠词后应当用名词,change除作动词外也可作名词,所以词性不必变化;由紧接着的are可知,要用复数形式。changes思路点拨我们知道,名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)。如果括号中所给词是名词,又是在句中作主语或宾语时,就无需作词类转换,应考虑是否需要用复数形式。考点归纳关于名词,从近两年的高考题来看,在语法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式,但我们认为,名词的所有格也是可能要考的。1.名词的复数形式英语中的名词,只要大于一,就要用复数形式,如“一个半小时”要说oneandahalfhours(=anhourandahalf)。可数名词由单数变复数一般是在词尾加s,但还有以下几点需要牢记:(1)以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的,加es。如:bus—buses,fox—foxes,brush—brushes,approach—approaches等。例外:stomach—stomachs(胃)。(2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加es。如:story—stories,baby—babies,activity—activities,agency—agencies等。(3)以-f(e)结尾的常用词,变f(e)为v,再加es。如:half—halves,life—lives,thief—thieves,knife—knives,self—selves,leaf—leaves,loaf—loaves,wolf—wolves等。但个别特殊词一般直接加s。如:chief—chiefs,roof—roofs,belief—beliefs,safe—safes等。(4)以-o结尾的有生命的名词,加-es。如:hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes等。此外,一般直接加s。如:radio—radios,zoo—zoos,photo—photos,piano—pianos等。(5)不规则变化的有:man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,goose—geese,mouse—mice,child—children,ox—oxen等。(6)单复数同形的有:deer,fish,sheep,aircraft,spacecraft,means等。2.名词的所有格名词所有格表示所有关系,即“某某的”,名词所有格有以下几种情况:(1)不以s结尾的名词(单数或复数),加’s。如:Jack’se-mail杰克的电子邮件,children’sbooks儿童图书。(2)以s结尾的复数名词,加’。如:thegirls’dormitory女生宿舍,theteachers’reading-room教师阅览室。(3)以s结尾的单数名词,加’s或’。如:ourboss’s(boss’)car我们老板的小汽车,Engels’s(Engels’)works恩格斯的著作。考点练透1.Wewillbeexploringdifferent__________(approach)togatheringinformation.由different可知,“不同的方法”不止一种,故应当用复数,以-ch结尾的名词复数是在后面加-es。2.Ibrokethechocolateinto_______(half)andhere’syourhalf.句中break/cutsth.intohalves意思是“把某物分成两半”。approacheshalves3.Thesistersweretreatedaslocal_______(hero)afterrescuingatwo-year-oldboyfromdrowning.指Thesisters,可知hero要用复数,hero,tomato,potato的复数形式是在后面加es。4.Theclubprovidesawidevarietyof__________(activity)includingtennis,swimmingandcycling.因被awidevarietyof(多种多样的)修饰,故要用复数形式。heroesactivities5.Julieisoneofthose_________(woman)whoalwayskeepupwiththelatestfashions.被those修饰,故要用复数形式。6.Her________(tooth)arefalse,buttheylookverynatural.由are可知,tooth要用复数形式teeth。womenteeth7.The______(deer)intheforestarealldyingofffromdisease.由are可知,deer要用复数,但deer,sheep等的复数形式与单数形式相同。8.Hedistinguishedhimselfasastudentatthe________(city)leadingschool.在名词前作定语,表示“这个城市的”重点学校,故用其所有格形式。deercity’s9.A_______(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhishomeenvironment.在名词前作定语,表示“孩子的”性格,故用其所有格形式。10.Sometimestheyattributetheir________(student)poorcomprehensiontoalackofintelligence.指他们的学生,student应用复数,“学生的”理解力差,故用所有格。child’sstudents’THANKYOU!