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1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义Q:What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.→（虚拟条件句）→(真实条件句）Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.(与现在事实相反）IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyavilla.（与现在事实相反）Ifhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforschool.（与过去事实相反）Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.（与过去事实相反）haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.（与过去事实相反）hadlearntwouldnothavebeen假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.与将来事实相反时间If条件句主句过去现在将来二虚拟语气的应用(一)if引导的虚拟条件句haddone助动词be用were实义动词do用diddid/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+havedonesthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldmightwouldshould+dosthcouldMight1.IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe____metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCAIfIwereateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents._____Iateacher,Iwouldhavelotsofstudents.IfIhadenteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow._________enteredrui’anhighschool,Iwouldnotsitherenow.IfweshouldvisitZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere._________ZhejiangUniversitytomorrow,Iwouldplaybasketballthere.WereHadIShouldwe当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。注意：虚拟语气的倒装和省略二.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desireask这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。1.WesuggestedthatTom2.HeinsistedthatIpresent.4.Theyrequestedthatwe3.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersshouldhavearest.(should)beShouldbekilledthenextday.shouldsendthemtoworkthere.•insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气•①表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;•②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。•①表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;•②表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。•Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）•Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe________happy•Heinsistedthatallofus___________thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）•Heinsistedthathe_____________thewallet(没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbedidn’tsteal注意2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。1.It’ssuggestedthattheplan________(carryout).2.Mydemandisthatshe_______(come)toseemeonceaweek.3.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory___________(closedown).becarriedoutshouldcomeshouldbecloseddownorder,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire4.Thesuggestionthatheshouldthinkofwasgood.×√_________thoughtof(定语从句）（一）：wish+宾语从句用虚拟语气Iwish……did/were……与现在情况相反……haddone……与过去情况相反……could/would/might/与将来情况相反1.IwishI______(be)asstrongasyou.2.HowIwishI_____(be)youngagain.3.IwishI_________(see)youyesterday.4.IwishI__________(know)yourtelephonenumberearlier.5.IwishI___________(canfly)tothemoononeday.werewerehadseenhadknowncouldfly三：动词后的虚拟…wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryou____menow.(现在)•Iwouldratheryou______,too.(过去)•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou__tomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时paidhadgonecame（二）：wouldrather（三）hope,think,want,expect,plan,suppose,mean等动词若用过去完成式或由这些词后接不定式完成式时，表示过去未完成的愿望I_____towritetoyouearlierbutIwastoobusythen.I________________toyoubut……wantedtohavewrittenhadwanted/meant/He___tohelp,buthecouldn’tgetthereintime.A:wantB:wantedC:hadwantedD:havewanted（一）：asif/asthrough引导的方式状语从句“好象／似乎”1.Thewomantakesgoodcareoftheorphansasifshe______(be)theirownmother.2.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshe__________(study)itinEngland.werehadstudiedis注意：有迹象表明要发生某事时，不用虚拟。3.Theytalkedasifthey_______friendsforyears.4.Itlooksasifit______(be)goingtorainhadbeen四：状语从句中的虚拟5:Helookedpaleasifhe__ill.A:wereBwasChadbeenDshouldbe(二)：一些状语从句的虚拟在incase,forfearthat,inorderthat,lest,sothat引导的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用should/could/might/+动词原形,其中should可省略Haveyourgunreadyincasewe_________(need)it.Hegotupearlyinorderthathe_______(catch)thefirstbus(should)needcouldcatchIfonlyI______hisname!Ifonlywe________youradvice!IfonlyI________himagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparents______________!Ifonly_______________________!（三）：Ifonly…(要是…就好了)（只有状语从句）knewhadfollowedcouldseecouldlivewithusIhadn’tmissedthetrain=Iwish五：It’shightime+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyou_____It’shightimethatyou_________It’stimethatwe_________.It’stimethatwe_________tobed.went.shouldgo.wenttobedshouldgoIt’snecessary/strange/natural/importantapity+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.六：Itis+adj/n+that…..介词without/butfor引导的短语,代替if引导的虚拟条件从句.1.Iftherewerenowater,fishcouldnotlive.______________,fishcouldnotlive.2.Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Iwouldhavefailed.___________________,Iwouldhavefailed.3.IfthePartydidn’tleadus,wecouldnotrealize..____________________,